Barthlottia madagascariensis

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Barthlottia madagascariensis
Barthlottia madagascariensis (Scrophulariaceae) at type locality SE Madagascar - Photo Charles Rakotavao (Tropicos®), W. Barthlott, Lotus.Salvinia.de.jpg

Barthlottia madagascariensis

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae)
Genre : Barthlottia
Type : Barthlottia madagascariensis
Scientific name of the  genus
Barthlottia
Eb.fish.
Scientific name of the  species
Barthlottia madagascariensis
Eb.fish.

The genus Barthlottia includes only one species ( Barthlottia madagascariensis ) from the fig family . It is a shrub up to three meters high with large, bell-shaped, purple-red flowers that only occurs in a small area in southeast Madagascar and was only described in 1996.

description

It is a shrub up to 3 m high with thickened roots and a woody trunk. The square stems have opposite, pointed-elliptical leaves up to 15 cm long. The inflorescences are terminal with up to 15 about 4 cm long, pendulous, bell-shaped, purple-red flowers made up of five fused sepals and four stamens. The flowers are believed to be pollinated by nectar birds (Nectariniidae).

Occurrence

Madagascar is known for its rich flora and fauna of species and genera that are exclusively found there ( endemics ). This includes Barthlottia , which occurs only in an area of ​​around 30 × 30 km in the southwest of the island, around 45 km northwest of Tolagnaro (Ft. Dauphin). The shrub grows on rock plateaus and island mountains of the Anosy Mountains. The sites are largely in the Andohahela National Park , which was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2007.

Because of the small, remote occurrence of Barthlottia, there are probably fewer than six known collections.

The eye-catching plant was first collected in 1947 by the French botanist Jean-Henri Humbert , but it was hidden in the Herbarium Mus. d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. It was not until the German botanist and Africa-Madagascar specialist Eberhard Fischer described it in 1996 as a new genus and species. It was named after the German botanist and bionist Wilhelm A. Barthlott (born 1946), who studied the flora of the Madagascar island mountains . Fischer has discovered a multitude of new plants in Madagascar and Central Africa, such as the tiny Rwanda water lily ( Nymphaea thermarum ) with a similarly small distribution area.

Systematics

Barthlottia belongs to the tribe of Limoselleae (formerly Manuleae) within the Scrophulariaceen. Comprehensive molecular systematic data are now available; the genus is relatively isolated. Barthlottia does not seem to have any close relatives in Madagascar, only Manuelopsis dinteri in Namibia is distantly similar .

literature

  • Fischer, E. (1996). Barthlottia, a new monotypic genus of Scrophulariaceae-Manuleae from Madagascar. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 18: 351-356.
  • Fischer, E., Theisen, I. (2000). Vegetation of Malagasy Inselbergs - in: Porembski S., Barthlott, W. (Eds): Inselbergs, Biotic Diversity of Isolated Rock outcrops - Springer Publishers, Heidelberg - New York
  • Madagascar Catalog (2018). Catalog of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA & Antananarivo, Madagascar Accessed: February, 2018 .
  • Schäferhoff B., Fleischmann, A, Fischer, E., Albach, DC, Borsch, T., Heubl, G, Müller, KF (2010). Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, 352-362

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fischer, E. (1996). Barthlottia, a new monotypic genus of Scrophulariaceae-Manuleae from Madagascar. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 18: 351-356
  2. ↑ Madagascar Catalog (2018) . Catalog of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA & Antananarivo, Madagascar, accessed on May 3, 2018
  3. ↑ Goodmann, SM, Benstead, JO (2003). Natural History of Madagascar - University of Chicago Press
  4. ^ Fischer, E., Theisen, I. (2000). Vegetation of Malagasy Inselbergs - in: Porembski S., Barthlott, W. (Eds): Inselbergs, Biotic Diversity of Isolated Rock outcrops - Springer Publishers, Heidelberg - New York
  5. ↑ Fischer, E. (1996). Barthlottia, a new monotypic genus of Scrophulariaceae-Manuleae from Madagascar. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 18: 351-356
  6. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
  7. ↑ Kornhall, P., Bremer, B. (2004). New circumscription of the tribe Limoselleae (Scrophulariaceae) that includes the taxa of the tribe Manuleeae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146, 453-467
  8. ↑ Schäferhoff, B. et al. (2010). Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, 352-362
  9. ↑ Schäferhoff B., Fleischmann, A, Fischer, E., Albach, DC, Borsch, T., Heubl, G, Müller, KF (2010). Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, 352-362

Web links

Commons : Barthlottia madagascariensis  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Illustration from Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Section B, Adansonia, botanique, phytochimie from 1996