Wilhelm Barthlott

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Wilhelm Barthlott

Wilhelm Barthlott (born June 22, 1946 in Forst (Baden) ) is a German botanist and bionist . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " Barthlott ".

Barthlott's areas of work are systematics , biodiversity research and bionics . He is one of the pioneers in biological and technical interface research. From his work on scanning electron microscopy of plant surfaces, he developed technical surfaces that were self-cleaning ( lotus effect ) and, since 2002, permanently air-keeping under water ( salvinia effect ) , from 1985-2009 . They led to a paradigm shift in wide areas of materials science and enabled the development of superhydrophobic biomimetic surfaces. Under the brand name Lotus-Effekt® they became an economic success.

Life

Wilhelm Barthlott came from a family of French Huguenots who came to the margraviate of Baden-Durlach with Jacques Barthelot in 1698 . On the mother's side, the family's farms have been part of Maulbronn Monastery since 1520 . Wilhelm Barthlott studied biology with the minor subjects physics, chemistry and geography at the University of Heidelberg and received his doctorate in 1973 on systematics and biogeography . After completing his habilitation , he took up a position at the Free University of Berlin, where he worked at the Institute for Systematic Botany and Plant Geography from 1982 to 1985. In 1985 he accepted a position at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn as director of the Botanical Institute and the Botanical Garden . From 2003 until his retirement in 2011 he was managing director of the Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, which he founded, and at the same time director of the Botanical Gardens of the University of Bonn. Both the garden and the institute were sustainably restructured and expanded by him.

Barthlott has retired since 2011, but headed the long-term project Biodiversity in Transition at the Academy of Science and Literature Mainz until 2014 . In 2011 he founded the Biodiversity Network Bonn BION with Walter Erdelen ( UNESCO ), which has been implemented since 2013 with his successor Maximilian Weigend . He continues to lead the work on the implementation of the Lotus effect and Salvinia effect he discovered in the context of ongoing research projects.

Act

Biodiversity Mapping, Tropical Ecology and Environment

Extensive research, especially in Andean South America, with numerous studies on the taxonomy and morphology of neotropical cacti , orchids and bromeliads , etc. a. based on analyzes of their surface structures with the help of a scanning electron microscope , on the structure and status of vegetation in Madagascar and in tropical West Africa as well as on the elucidation of mechanisms for the control and distribution of biodiversity in the tropics. Studies of tropical model ecosystems such as B. tropical island mountains and epiphytic plants in the crown area of ​​the tropical rainforests. The work mainly focuses on the global mapping of biodiversity and its macroecological causal dependencies. His world map of biodiversity has now been used in numerous biological and geographic textbooks. As part of the BMBF-BIOTA AFRIKA project, which he led, the biodiversity patterns in Africa as a model continent were analyzed and the possible consequences of climate change examined. In recent years he has been working on the role of religions in preserving the environment. (Barthlott-Obholzer-Rafiqpoor 2016 and Barthlott 2018: Ecology and Religion)

Systematics and evolution

Systematic / taxonomic work by Wilhelm Barthlott focuses on the research of the diversity of certain groups of the bedspeople . The focus was on the cacti and the orchids (especially systematic features of the fine structure of the seed pods). Within his working group, molecular systematic work was also in the foreground. Systematic and ecological interests are linked in the field of carnivorous plants . Among other things, this led to the discovery of the first protozoan-catching plant, the trap traps ( Genlisea ), which simultaneously has the highest evolution rates and also the smallest known genome of all flowering plants. The name of the trap, Genlisea barthlottii, honors his services in this field. Barthlottia madagascariensis and seven other species from other genera were named after him. A complete list of the plant species named after him and named after him can be found at IPNI .

Bionics and interfaces

Wilhelm Barthlott was the first botanist to systematically use scanning electron microscopy to study plant surfaces since 1970. This resulted in numerous works and, above all, in the mid-1970s, the discovery of the self-cleaning effect of superhydrophobic micro- and nano-structured surfaces, which was technically implemented under the brand name Lotus-Effekt® from 1996 onwards. The resulting products are now sold worldwide. Today the patents and brand names Lotus-Effekt are owned by Sto-AG. The fundamental work on the lotus effect (Barthlott & Ehler 1977, Barthlott & Neinhuis 1997) led to innovations and a paradigm shift in materials science and is one of the most highly cited works worldwide. Since 2002, research has focused on surfaces that are permanently air-retaining under water (Salvinia-Effect®).

Biological interface research and bionics have remained a central area of ​​work since 1990. The work from 2002 based on the swimming fern Salvinia , which is based on a complex physical principle. One technical implementation is " passive air lubrication " in shipping: By reducing the frictional resistance, ships could save around 30% of their fuel consumption, a number of high economic and above all ecological relevance. Other applications can be found in sensor technology and the removal of oil contamination from water. Barthlott pointed out early on that surface-active substances can cause considerable damage and that bionics also inseparably includes the sustainability of bionic technologies.

Barthlott had a large number of students with his innovative research fields, including Nico Blüthgen , Thomas Borsch , Eberhard Fischer, Pierre Ibisch , Kerstin Koch, Holger Kreft , Christoph Neinhuis , Stefan Porembski and Daud Rafiqpoor .

  • The world map of the diversity of plants (Barthlott et al.) Was first published in 1996 (here in the revised version from 2014). It shows the geographic distribution of the global terrestrial biodiversity of our planet depending on geographic and climatic factors

  • Barthlottia madagascariensis   (Fam. Rachenblütler), a shrub up to 3 m high from Madagascar

  • The leaf of the sacred lotus flower (nelumbo ) is self-cleaning: dirt and even diesel soot are rinsed off with water. The Lotus-Effect®, discovered by W. Barthlott in 1977, has today led to numerous applications (facade paints, sprays, etc.) worldwide

  • The Salvinia® effect, which was discovered in 2005, is named after the swimming fern Salvinia molesta with its highly complex hair and chemical heterogeneities. It enables the permanent maintenance of layers of air under water and thus an air layer technology ("passive air lubrication") to reduce friction in ships by up to more than 20%

  • This honey spoon with lotus effect was the world's first technical prototype for demonstrating the self-cleaning of hierarchically structured surfaces at the University of Bonn in 1994

  • The biomimetic implementation of the Lotus-Effect® on a special textile: the dirt that is applied is washed off with tomato ketchup

honors and awards

Works

Wilhelm Barthlott's list of publications includes over 460 works (including several books), a complete directory of Wilhelm Barthlott Google Scholar Citations

Selected publications

  • Mail, M ,, Moosmann, M., Häger, P. & W. Barthlott (2019): Air retaining grids - A novel technology to maintain stable air layers under water for drag reduction. - Phil. Trans. Roy.Soc. A - doi: 10.1098 / rsta.2019.0126
  • Mail, M., Klein, A., Bleckmann, H., Schmitz, A., Scherer, T., Rühr, PT, Lovric, G, Fröhlingsdorf, R., Gorb, SN & W. Barthlott (2019): A. new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air retaining surfaces of the backswimmer Notonecta - Beilstein J. Nanotechnology 9, 3039-3047, doi: 10.3762 / bjnano.9.282 , PDF
  • Busch, JM, Barthlott. W., Brede, M., Terlau, W. & M. Mail (2018): Bionics and Green Technology in Maritime Shipping: An Assessment of the Effect of Salvinia Air-Layer Hull Coatings for Drag and Fuel Reduction - Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A, (Vol. 377: “Bioinspired Materials and Surfaces for Green Science and Technology”), London - doi: 10.1098 / rsta.2018.0263
  • Barthlott, W. (2018): Ecology and Religion - About the Potential of a Powerful Partnership. - pp. 103–117 in: Yearbook for Ecology 2017/2018, Hirzel Publishers, Stuttgart - https://jahrbuch-oekologie.de/jahrbuch-oekologie-2017-2018-2/
  • Barthlott, W., Mail, M., Bhushan, B. & K. Koch (2017), Plant Surfaces: Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations. - Nano-Micro Letters, 9:23, doi: 10.1007 / s40820-016-0125-1
  • Barthlott, W., Rafiqpoor, MD & WR Erdelen, (2016) Bionics and Biodiversity - Bio-inspired Technical Innovation for a Sustainable Future. - in: “Biomimetic Research for Architecture: Biologically-Inspired Systems”, pp. 11-55, (Eds .: J. Knippers et al.), Springer Publishers. doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-319-46374-2
  • Barthlott, W. & Rafiqpoor, MD (2016): Biodiversity in Transition - Global Patterns of Biodiversity. In: Lozán et al. (Edts): Warning signal climate: The biodiversity, pp. 44-50. In Scientific Evaluations / GEO PDF
  • Barthlott, W., Obholzer, J., Rafiqpoor, MD, (2016) Plants of the Holy Books Bible and Koran - النباتات في الكتب السماوية: الإنجيل و القرآن. BfN scripts No. 448, 106 pp., PDF
  • Barthlott, W., Mail, M. & C. Neinhuis, (2016) Superhydrophobic hierarchically structured surfaces in biology: evolution, structural principles and biomimetic applications.- Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. doi: 10.1098 / rsta.2016.0191
  • Barthlott, W. et al. (2015): Biogeography and Biodiversity of Cacti. - Schumannia 7 , pp. 1-205, ISSN  1437-2517 PDF
  • Barthlott, W. et al. (2014): Orchid seed diversity: A scanning electron microscopy survey. - Englera 32 , pp. 1-244. PDF
  • Yan, YY, Gao, N. & W. Barthlott (2011): Mimicking natural superhydrophobic surfaces and grasping the wetting process: A review on superhydrophobic surfaces. pp. 80-105. Adv.Colloid Interface Science, doi: 10.1016 / j.cis.2011.08.005
  • Cerman, Z., Barthlott, W. & J. Nieder (2011): Inventions of Nature: Bionics - What we can learn from plants and animals. 3rd edn,., 280 pp .., Rowohlt-Verlag
  • Sommer, JH, Kreft, H., Kier, G., Jetz, W. Mutke, J. & W. Barthlott (2010): Projected impacts of climate change on regional capacities for global plant species richness. Proc. Royal Soc. doi: 10.1098 / rspb.2010.0120
  • Kier, G., Kreft, H., Lee, TM, Jetz, W., Ibisch, P., Nowicki, C., Mutke, J. & W. Barthlott (2009): A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions. PNAS 106 (23): doi: 10.1073 / pnas.0810306106
  • Barthlott, W. et al. (2004): Carnivores. Biology and culture of carnivorous plants. Ulmer, Stuttgart. - English edition (2007): The curious world of carnivorous plants. Timber Press, USA, French (2008): Plantes Carnivores, Belin, Paris
  • Greilhuber, J., Borsch, T., Müller, K., Worberg, A., Porembski, S. & W. Barthlott (2006): Smallest angiosperm genomes found in Lentibulariaceae, with chromosomes of bacterial size. Plant Biol. 8: 770-777 doi: 10.1055 / s-2006-924101
  • Borsch, T., Hilu, KW, Quandt, D. Wilde, V., Neinhuis, C. & W. Barthlott (2003): Noncoding plastid trnT-trnF sequences reveal a well resolved phylogeny of basal angiosperms. J. Evol. Biol. 16: 1-19 doi: 10.1046 / j.1420-9101.2003.00577.x
  • Barthlott, W. & M. Winiger (eds.) (2001): Biodiversity. A challenge for development research and policy. 429 pp. ., Springer Publishers doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-662-06071-1
  • Porembski, S. & W. Barthlott (eds.) (2000): Inselbergs: biotic diversity of isolated rock outcrops in tropical and temperate regions. 528 pp., Springer Publishers doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-59773-2
  • Barthlott, W. et al. (1998): First protozoa-trapping plant found. Nature 392: 447 doi: 10.1038 / 33037
  • Barthlott, W. & C. Neinhuis (1997): Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces. Planta 202: 1-8 doi: 10.1007 / s004250050096
  • Barthlott, W., Lauer, W. & A. Placke (1996): Global distribution of species diversity in vascular plants: towards a world map of phytodiversity. Geography 50: 317‑327 doi: 10.3112 / geography.1996.04.03
  • Wagner, T., Neinhuis, C. & W. Barthlott (1996): Wettability and contaminability of insect wings as a function of their surface sculptures. Acta Zoologica 77 (3): 213-225 doi: 10.1111 / j.1463-6395.1996.tb01265.x
  • Burr, B., Rosen, D. & W. Barthlott (1995): Studies on the ultraviolet reflection of angiosperm flowers. III. Dilleniidae and Asteridae. 186 pp, Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz. F. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart. PDF
  • Noga, G., Wolter, M., Barthlott, W. & W. Petry (1991): Quantitative evaluation of epicuticular wax alterations as induced by surfactant treatment. Angew. Bot. 65: 239-252
  • Barthlott, W. & E. Wollenweber (1981): On the fine structure, chemistry and taxonomic significance of epicuticular waxes and similar secretions. 67 S., Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz. F. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, PDF
  • Barthlott, W. (1977): Kakteen, 212 pp., Belser Verlag (English; Cacti, Stanley Thornes Publishers, London 1979; also French and Dutch editions)
  • Barthlott, W. & N. Ehler (1977): Scanning electron microscopy of the epidermal surfaces of spermatophytes. 105 pp., Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz. F. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, PDF

See also

Web links

proof

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Homepage of the University of Bonn, accessed on September 3, 2014
  2. ^ Entry on the website of the BMBF-BIOTA AFRIKA project
  3. ^ Barthlott, Wilhelm. Ehler, Nesta .: Scanning electron microscopy of the epidermis surfaces of spermatophytes . Steiner, 1977, ISBN 3-515-02620-7 .
  4. ^ Citation Classics in Plant Sciences since 1992. Retrieved April 2, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Busch J., Barthlott W., Brede M., Terlau W., Mail M .: Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction . In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences . tape 377 , no. 2138 , February 11, 2019, p. 20180263 , doi : 10.1098 / rsta.2018.0263 .
  6. ↑ Mail M., Moosmann M., Häger P., Barthlott W .: Air retaining grids — a novel technology to maintain stable air layers under water for drag reduction . In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences . tape 377 , no. 2150 , June 10, 2019, p. 20190126 , doi : 10.1098 / rsta.2019.0126 .
  7. ↑ Matthias Mail, Adrian Klein, Horst Bleckmann, Anke Schmitz, Torsten Scherer: A new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air-retaining surface of the backswimmer Notonecta . In: Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology . tape 9 , December 14, 2018, ISSN  2190-4286 , p. 3039-3047 , doi : 10.3762 / bjnano.9.282 , PMID 30591851 , PMC 6296424 (free full text).
  8. ^ Biomimetic Research for Architecture and Building Construction: Biological Design and Integrative Structures (=  Biologically-Inspired Systems ). Springer International Publishing, 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-46372-8 .
  9. ↑ member entry of Wilhelm Barthlott at the Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz, accessed on 10.11.17
  10. ^ Member entry of Wilhelm Barthlott (with picture and CV) at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 29, 2016.
  11. ↑ Entry in the DBU award winners archive ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dbu.de
personal data
SURNAME Barthlott, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1946
PLACE OF BIRTH Forest near Bruchsal