BerLag

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chenikandscha Mining Combine (Хениканджа, 1954), in which BerLag prisoners were used as workers

BerLag , established in 1948, was a special camp of the MWD for political prisoners . These special bearings with strict regime were in the post-war period from 1948 through the Ministry of Interior MWD created (ex. NKVD) specific equipment generally gulag system in the Soviet Union . The camp was formally dissolved in 1954.

designation

BerLag, Russian Берлаг, was originally called Ossoblag No. 5 , d. H. Special camp No. 5 (from особый лагерь № 5, особлаг № 5). The abbreviation BerLag is derived from Берегово́й ла́герь, i.e. H. Bank camp ; these designations for the originally numbered special bearings were only given later and mostly randomly, mostly without any reference to reality. After the dissolution of the special camps in 1953/1954 the name was Берегово́й ИТЛ for Берегово́й исправительно-трудовой лагерь - correctional labor camp Uferlager. The telegraph code Берегово́й (adjective to shore) was assigned to the camp on May 10, 1948. It can be assumed that the name of the warehouse comes from this code.

history

The BerLag camp was established on February 28, 1948 on the basis of Decree No. 00219 of the MWD Ministry of the Interior of February 21, 1948. In 1954 the special camp was converted into a corrective labor camp (ITL) and handed over to the administration of the northeastern corrective labor camp USWITL (Управление Северо-Восточных исправительно-трудовельно-трудовельно-трудовельно-трудовельно-трудовельно-трудовельно-трудовельно-трудовельно-трудовельно-трудовельно on June 25, 1954.

With the order of MWD No. 00469 of April 29, 1948, BerLag was subordinated to the Dalstroi camp complex , which was on the one hand an immensely large state industrial enterprise, on the other hand a traditional name for the construction administration for the Far North , also known as GUSDS (for Главное управление строительства Дальнего Севера - ГУСДС, transcribed G lawnoje u prawlenije s troitelstwa D alnewo S ewera ). While the Dalstroi main administration GUSDS was responsible for operational questions and decisions in the area of ​​manpower procurement and its deployment, the main administration GULAG was also responsible for the camp regime, the supervision and the military protection of the camps (in particular the 86th guard division of the MWD).

However, these responsibilities were constantly changing and some of them overlapped. With the order No. 00872 of the MWD of September 20, 1949, the camp sector of GUSDS Dalstroi was restructured: a central ITL administration for the Dalstroi camps (Управление исправительно-трудовых лагельст, the individual administrations Дагельт) was set up Camps were subordinate, including the administration of the BerLag special camp.

As of January 1, 1949, BerLag had 13 camp departments, a camp point and a central hospital near the settlement of Cheta (Хета). According to an instruction of the MWD of July 8, 1949, the number of camp departments rose to 19 and a total of 26 camp points were set up.

BerLag with its branch offices (departments, camp points) was located in the heartland of Dalstroi on the upper reaches of the Kolyma River in north-eastern Siberia ( Khabarovsk region ), distributed over the five mining administrative areas of the Dalstroi complex:

  • Indigirsk Mining Administration - 1 warehouse division
  • Mining Administration North - 4 storage departments
  • Mining Administration South-West - 5 warehouse departments
  • Tenka Mining Administration - 6 warehouse departments
  • Mining Administration West - 1 warehouse department
  • in Magadan directly - 2 warehouse departments

The main administration was in Magadan .

activity

The camp prisoners were employed as workers mainly in ore mining (underground such as open-cast mining) in the operations of the mining administration of Dalstroi des MWD and in the huts of the Ministry of Metallurgy. Excerpts in detail:

  • Workers for the Jana Mining Administration
  • for Combines "Below", "Butugytschag", "Chenikandscha", "Laso" of the Southwest Mining Administration, "Aljaskitowy" Combine of the Indigirka Mining Administration and Combine No. 2 of the Tenka Mining Administration
  • "Kanjon" cobalt combine of the ore mining combine Verkhny Seimtschan
  • Ore mines, deposits and processing plants "Dneprovski" and "Tschapajew" (Mining Administration Southwest), "Matrossow" and "Berija" (Mining Administration Tenka), deposits "Gorky" and "Tschelbanja" (Mining Administration West), "Spokoiny" (Mining Administration North)
  • Construction of objects D-2 of the “EnergoStroi” administration and the objects of the first administration of Dalstroi in Magadan
  • Combine Utina with the associated gold deposits "Cholodny", "Kwarzewy" and the section "Petrovich"
  • Repair work, logging, housing construction (e.g. in Magadan)

and other activities.

Competent administrations

(The camp was mentioned for the first time on April 29th in the order of MWD No. 00469 of April 29th, 1948.)

  • from April 29, 1948 GUSDS (Dalstroj head office)
  • from August 26, 1948 GULAG of the MWD together with GUSDS (with slightly different responsibilities)
  • from September 20, 1949 central ITL administration of the Dalstroi complex
  • from March 28, 1953 GTU of the MWD (prison head office)
  • from February 8, 1954 GULAG of the MWD (until handover to USWITL on June 25, 1954)

Occupant Numbers

  • November 1948 - 4,277
  • December 1948 - 20,758
  • January 1, 1949 - 15,378
  • January 1, 1950 - 23,906
  • Jan. 1, 1951 - 28,716
  • Jan. 1, 1952 - 31,489
  • Jan. 1, 1953 - 24,431
  • August 1954 - 20,508

The planned occupancy is given as 30,000 - 32,000.

Known prisoners

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vladimír Bystrov: Únosy československých občanů do Sovětského Svazu v letech 1945-1955 (kidnappings of Czechoslovak citizens in the Soviet Union 1945-1955). Edition Svědectví , ed. from Úřad dokumentace a vyšetřování zločinů komunismu ÚDV, an institution of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, Prague 2003, 343 pages, ISBN 80-7312-027-5 , online at: szcpv.org / ... , section BERLAG, page 255.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Д. Шкапов: БЕРЕГОВОЙ ЛАГЕРЬ . In: MB Smirnow (ed.): Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР (The system of corrective labor camps in the USSR 1923–1960). Zwenja, 1998. Online on the Мемориал portal (Memorial.ru) memo.ru / ... ; German version on the MEMORIAL Deutschland e. V .: Dmitri Schkapow : UFERLAGER . Online at: gulag.memorial.de / ...
  3. ↑ Приказ МВД СССР № 00219 “Об организации особых лагерей МВД” (Law No. 00219 on the Organization of Special Storage Centers of the MWD). Online at: alexanderyakovlev.org / ...
  4. ↑ a b c Александр Козлов: ГУЛАГ. Колыма. Нареченный Берлаг . Portal of the Kolyma region: online at: www.kolyma.ru/...410
  5. ↑ a b С. Сигачев: ГЛАВНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ДАЛЬНЕГО СЕВЕРА (ГУСДС, Дальстрой) . In: MB Smirnow (ed.): Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР (The system of corrective labor camps in the USSR 1923–1960). Zwenja, 1998. Online on the Мемориал portal (Memorial.ru) www.memo.ru/.../r1-17 ; German version on the MEMORIAL Deutschland e. V .: Sergei Sigatschow: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT FOR THE FAR NORTH . Online at: www.gulag.memorial.de/...486
  6. ↑ Biography of Peter Demant on Portal Portal from Memorial / Germany
  7. ^ Biography Warlam Tichonowitsch Schalamow on the portal portal of Memorial / Germany
  8. ↑ Biography of Wassili Kusmitsch Sobolew on the portal portal of Memorial / Germany
  9. ↑ Biography Nadezhda Witaljewna Surowzewa on Portal of Memorial / Germany

See also

Web links

Coordinates are missing! Help.