Standby parallel operation

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The standby parallel operation in DC systems is a parallel operation of rectifiers , accumulators and the consumer system. In normal operation, the rectifier takes over the supply of the consumers. In addition, the accumulator is constantly supplied with electricity to cover its self-discharge losses (trickle charge). The battery is always available with full capacity . The performance of the rectifiers is designed in such a way that they can carry the full consumer current at any time. The capacity of the batteries used depends on the requirements of the system operator. The batteries are only loaded in the event of load surges that exceed the rated current of the rectifier, when switching to another operating mode (e.g. emergency power supply) and when the power supply fails. In the event of a power failure, the consumers will continue to be supplied with uninterrupted power from the battery for a certain period of time. Switching is not required.

If DC consumers are switched to the accumulator automatically or manually when the mains supply fails, this operating mode is called switchover mode .

  • Switching operation with interruption (brief interruption of the power supply in the consumer system).
  • Switching operation without interruption (switching from rectifier to battery takes place without interruption).

A special type of standby parallel operation is buffer operation. In this operating mode, the charged battery is used to maintain the voltage or to cover peak loads when the rated power of the rectifier is exceeded. Rectifiers in buffer mode must be controllable in order to recharge the battery in times of low power consumption.

Due to the capacity of the battery system, the consumers cannot be supplied with unlimited power. Measures must therefore be taken immediately to determine the cause of a power failure. In order to avoid longer mains failure times, emergency power generators are available in important systems , which are either started manually or start up fully automatically. These emergency power systems then take over the supply of the systems.

In addition to buffer operation and the uninterruptible power supply ( UPS ), standby parallel operation is the most frequently used operating mode for the reliable power supply of important consumers (e.g. in hospitals, chemical plants, power plants).

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  • L. Schauer, A. Reissmann: Operation of electrical systems . VEB German publisher for basic industry.