Rectification movement

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mao Zedong attends a meeting in Yan'an (1942).

The rectification movement , also known as Yan'an Rectification Movement (Chinese:延安整風運動/延安整风运动; pinyin : Yan'an Zhengfeng Yun), was the first ideological mass movement of the Communist Party of China was initiated (CCP) of 1942 to 1945. The movement consolidated Mao Zedong's top leadership within the Communist Party.

The movement took place in Yan'an in Shaanxi Province , which was the base of the Communist Party after the " Long March " (1934-1936). Although during the Second Sino-Japanese War , the CCP had a relatively peaceful period in which it could focus on internal affairs. This movement formalized Mao's deviation from Moscow's ideology and emphasized the importance of Mao's idea of ​​"adapting communism to China's conditions". The rectification campaign was successful in convincing or forcing other CCP leaders to support Mao.

Large numbers of people, especially intellectuals, have been persecuted in the movement. Some research indicates that over 10,000 people died as a result of the rectification movement. In addition, the Communist Party sought to replace the culture of the " May Fourth Movement " with that of communist culture. Many scholars regard the rectification movement as the origin of "Mao Zedong's personality cult".

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Mao repeatedly used some of the tactics that were successful in the rectification movement when he felt the need to monopolize political power. The most relevant example is the " anti-right-wing movement, " launched by Mao in 1957 and aimed at intellectuals and political dissidents.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Roland Banken: The Soviet-Chinese relations from 1949-1969 in the context of worldwide interdependence: emergence, change and decline of the alliance between the two communist powers . LIT Verlag Münster, 2005, ISBN 978-3-8258-8405-5 .
  2. ^ Ivo De Gennaro, Hans Christian Günther: Artists and Intellectuals and the Requests of Power . BRILL, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-17213-5 .
  3. ↑ a b c Gao Hua, Stacy Mosher, Guo Jian: How the Red Sun Rose: The Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930-1945 . The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press , Hong Kong 2018, ISBN 978-962-996-822-9 (English).
  4. ↑ a b c d Mark Selden: Yan'an Communism Reconsidered . In: Modern China . tape 21 , no. 1 , 1995, ISSN  0097-7004 , pp. 8-44 , JSTOR : 189281 .
  5. ↑ Melanie Haas: Instead of Babylonian captivity, a party for all cases? Alliance 90 / The Greens after the 2005 federal election . In: The parties after the 2005 Bundestag election . VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden, ISBN 978-3-531-15245-5 , p. 101-133 .
  6. ↑ Cheng, Yinghong. Creating the "New Man": From Enlightenment Ideals to Socialist Realities , University of Hawaii Press, 2009. All references from pp. 59-70, starting at section "The Yan'an Period: Beginning the Systematic Remolding of Human Minds"
  7. ↑ a b 延安 整风. Retrieved August 7, 2020 (Chinese).
  8. ^ Gao Hua: How the Red Sun Rose: The Origin and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930-1945 . The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2019, ISBN 978-962-996-822-9 .
  9. ^ US Joint Publication research service. (1979). China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs. Foreign broadcast information service. No ISBN digitized text March 5, 2007
  10. ↑ Lambert M. Surhone, Miriam T. Tennoe, Susan F. Marseken: Yan'an Rectification Movement . VDM Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-6-13118359-1 .
  11. ^ Twitchett, Denis and Fairbank, John K. The Cambridge history of China.
  12. ↑ Apter, David Ernest. (1994). Revolutionary Discourse in Mao's Republic. Harvard University Press.
  13. ↑ Noriyuki Tokuda: Yenan Rectification Movement: Mao Tse-Tung's Big Push toward Charismatic Leadership during 1941-1942 .
  14. ↑ Fang He: “延安 整风” 与 个人 崇拜 ( zh ) In: Modern China Studies .
  15. ↑ Lieberthal, Kenneth. (2003). Governing China: From Revolution to Reform, WW Norton & Co .; Second edition. All references given here are taken from pp. 45-48 of the text in question.
  16. ↑ The 1957-1958 Anti-Rightist Campaign in China: History and Memory (1978-2014) Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. In: Hal-SHS . September.
  17. ↑ Fang Lizhi (方 励 之): The Chinese Amnesia. September 27, 1990, accessed August 7, 2020 .
  18. ↑ Jin Guantao (金观涛), Liu Qingfeng (刘青峰): 反右 运动 与 延安 整风. In: Chinese University of Hong Kong . Retrieved August 7, 2020 .