Special combat act

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In the German Army, special combat actions are military actions that are possible within the framework of all types of operations and that can lead to a battle. They are an independent category between the types of combat and the general tasks in action , which must be taken into account when conducting combat and training troops.

Special acts of combat are

  • Encounter battle ,
  • Replacement of a troop that is on the enemy with a new troop that may take over their task,
  • Release from the enemy ,
  • Acceptance of own evasive forces by own troops,
  • Monitoring of rooms in order to obtain information about what is happening in areas with widely deployed forces and resources,
  • Protection of rear spaces,
  • Defense, relief and breaking out of trapped forces.

Regulations and historical development

In the Army Service Regulations (Army Service Regulations 100/100 - TF / G), a separate section is reserved for special combat acts, in which the essential characteristics and basic regulations for dealing with such situations and orders are given. Since they are subordinate to the general tasks in action and the types of combat in terms of frequency of occurrence, the regulation closes with their presentation.

For the Prussian and German armies up to 1918 the field service order (Service Regulations-Exercise Regulations No. 267), the forerunner of the troop command regulations, applied. However, no special combat acts are listed there.

For the Wehrmacht , the corresponding instructions were made in the troop management regulation (Army Service Regulation 300/1 Troop Management - TF). However, the term special action was not yet in use.

The encounter battle was regulated in Section VI. Attack , detachment from the enemy and inclusion in Section IX Aborting the battle, retreat regulated.

The surveillance of rooms was assigned to Section III Reconnaissance, while there were no statutory regulations for relieving troops .

By contrast, were the battles in special circumstances , the battle in the dark and fog , local skirmish, forest battle, overcoming and defense of rivers and other water bodies , fighting in the mountains, fighting in Engen, border guards and Little War treated (i. A. The partisan struggle) in Section XI.

The Wehrmacht relied largely on the Army Service Regulation 487 published by General Hans von Seeckt for the Reichswehr - Leadership and Combat of Combined Arms (F. and G.) of 1924. There, the encounter battle together with the attack procedures had Section VI to itself . The replacement was regulated in Chapter X. Defense . As skirmishes under special conditions , the FuG knew the delaying skirmish, local and forest skirmishes, skirmishes in darkness and fog, skirmishes around narrows and river crossings, skirmishes in the mountains and mine warfare.

For the German Armed Forces, the corresponding regulations were summarized in separate regulations, whereby the troop management regulations could be relieved.

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  • Army Service Regulations 100/100 Command and Control in Combat (TF / G) - classified information only for official use (not public), Bonn 1962, 1974, 1998, (new editions and constant updates), from 2007 Army Service Regulations 100/100 Troop Command of Land Forces (TF)
  • Army service regulation 100/900: leadership terms
  • Army Service Regulations 300/1 Troop Leadership (TF), Berlin 1936
  • Army Service Regulation 487 - Combined Arms Command and Combat (FuG), Berlin 1924
  • Service Regulations-Exercise Regulations No. 267 Field Service Regulations (FO), Berlin 1908