Biennium

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The biennium was a general two-year preparatory course for all subjects in the philosophical faculties.

history

In the 18th century, the structure of the biennium and its teaching content were partly still based on the quadrivium . Last but not least, it served to deepen the students' knowledge of Latin.

Until the 1840s, the biennium in the southern German states of the German Confederation was a prerequisite for studying at the three higher faculties . They were theology , law, and medicine . The biennium was introduced at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich on May 10, 1838. In the biennium it was forbidden for students to be active in a fraternity . A separate authority, the Ephorate, was used for surveillance. His strict visitations to bars were called "Philosophenfang".

As early as around 1830, the Abitur replaced the biennium as a prerequisite for studying. In 1849 the biennium philosophicum was finally abolished.

literature

  • Thomas Otto Achelis: The Biennium of the Christiana Albertina in Kiel 1768–1867 . In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History , Vol. 81 (1957), pp. 113–154.
  • Sylvia Paletschek: Humanities in Freiburg in the 19th century. Expansion, scientification and differentiation of the disciplines . In: 550 Years of the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , Vol. 3: From the Baden State University to the University of the 21st Century . Alber, Freiburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-495-48252-0 pp. 44-71, here p. 48.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See for example: Bernhard Oberhauser: Biennium Philosophicum Peripatetico-Thomisticum. In Alma, & Archi-Episcopali, Benedictina Universitate Salisburgensis . Mayr, Salzburg 1725:
    • Part I: Summulas
    • Part II: Logicam Magna
    • Part III: Physicam Universalem
    • Part IV. Physicam Particularem una cum Metaphysica
  2. ↑ a b Sylvia Paletschek: Geisteswissenschaften in Freiburg , p. 48 (PDF)
  3. ^ Siegfried Wollgast: On the history of doctoral theses in Germany in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period , p. 6 (PDF 1.1 MB)
  4. ↑ Historical Lexicon of Bavaria: Philosophical-theological universities