Biocompatibility of nanomaterial

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The biocompatibility of nanomaterial describes the influence of nanomaterial on humans and the environment.

Nanotubes, stained microscope image of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, each 40 micrometers long, that absorb more than 99.9% of the light from a fiber-coupled radiometer.

The biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of nanotubes (nanotubes) with a diameter of 10-15 nm and a length of 1000 nm were investigated in animal experiments . Nanotubes are mostly carbon nanotubes (CNT), functionalized carbon nanotubes (see carbon nanotube chemistry ), silicate nanotubes or functionalized silicate nanotubes .

Nanogold (gold particles on carbon nanocable), image from a scanning electron microscope

Nanoparticles with a diameter of a few nanometers can consist of carbon , silicate , gold , silver , zinc oxide or titanium dioxide , among other things .

Applications of nanomaterials

Nanoparticles (yellow) in cancer cells (blue)

The possible uses of nanomaterials are, for example, in the medical and pharmacological field, such as in research on cancer therapy . They are used in tumor research, but outside of the laboratory, nanomaterial in everyday objects can be harmful. The nanoparticles can eventually cross the blood-brain barrier , which is desirable for some pharmacological applications - but they can also become lodged in the lungs.

Silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles are used as additives in sunscreens. Silver nanoparticles do not penetrate deeper into the skin when applied to the skin with aluminum chloride , methyl paraben , or di-n-butyl phthalate as a sunscreen. The largest amount of silver penetrating the skin was 0.45 ng / cm 2 (0.365-0.974 ng / cm 2 ) for PEG-stabilized silver nanoparticles with methyl paraben.

Gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles are 0.8 to 1.8 nm in size. They have an antimicrobial effect and can be used as pharmaceuticals. Aloysia triphylla extracts make the synthesis of gold nanoparticles possible, and the nanoparticles obtained can be used for water treatment because of their antibacterial and catalytic effects.

Studies on the toxicity of nanotubes and nanoparticles

There are different research results from different studies:

Carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show toxicity. After injection, CNTs were embryo-lethal and teratogenic in mice, and chick embryos showed growth retardation. It is believed that CNTs are carcinogenic and can cause lung tumors.

Another study found that injecting carbon nanotubes into mice showed no symptoms.

Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The research has shown that pure nanotubes kill more cells than the functionalized multiwall CNTs, but that they are more genotoxic.

Silicate nanotubes

The toxicity was investigated on glioblastoma cells from rats. The experiments showed that aluminum silicate nanotubes have high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, but if they are functionalized with silanes , they show high cell toxicity. These results indicate potential applications in tumor therapy.

Silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles 10-100 nm in size are fatal to zebrafish embryos as they can cause nitric oxide imbalance.

Silicon nanoparticles

Another study shows the ability of silicon nanoparticles to induce cell death by damaging DNA and mitochondria and by promoting tumor formation, similar to nitrogen oxides.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles

A study shows that zinc oxide nanoparticles have more toxicological properties compared to larger particles, which can be seen in changes in the blood count and in pathological findings in kidney and liver tissue.

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles

Liquid crystalline nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier in rats.

Web links

Commons : Nanotubes  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Domeradzka-Gajda K1, Nocuń M1, Roszak J1, Janasik B1, Quarles CD Jr2, Wąsowicz W1, Grobelny J3, Tomaszewska E3, Celichowski G3, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K3, Cieślak M4, Puchowicz RE2, Gonzalezniko D4, Gonzalezniko : A study on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of silver nanoparticles in combination with aluminum chloride, methyl paraben or di-n-butyl phthalate. , Toxicol Lett. 2017 Apr 15; 272: 38-48. doi: 10.1016 / j.toxlet.2017.03.006. Epub 2017 Mar 14.
  2. ↑ Radtke A1,2, Grodzicka M3,4, Ehlert M5,6, Jędrzejewski T7, Wypij M8, Golińska P9: "To Be Microbiocidal and Not to Be Cytotoxic at the Same Time ..." -Silver Nanoparticles and Their Main Role on the Surface of Titanium Alloy Implants. J Clin Med. 2019 Mar 10; 8 (3). pii: E334. doi: 10.3390 / jcm8030334.
  3. ↑ Anupriya Baranwal; Ananya Srivastava; Pradeep Kumar; Vivek K Bajpai; Pawan K Maurya; et al .: Prospects of Nanostructure Materials and Their Composites as Antimicrobial Agents. in: Frontiers in microbiology, (2018), Mar 9. doi: 10.3389 / fmicb.2018.00422 ,
  4. ↑ Ahmed, S., Ahmad, M., Swami, BL, and Ikram, S .: A review on plants extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: a green expertise. J. Adv. Res. (2016), 7, 17-28. doi: 10.1016 / j.jare.2015.02.007
  5. ↑ López-Miranda, JL, Esparza, R., Rosas, G. et al .: Catalytic and antibacterial properties of gold nanoparticles synthesized by a green approach for bioremediation applications , 3 Biotech (2019) 9: 135. doi: 10.1007 / s13205 -019-1666-z
  6. ↑ Zhang JQ, Sun Q., Bo J., Huang R., Zhang M., Xia Z., Ju L., Xiang G. Single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWNH) aggregates inhibited proliferation of human liver cell lines and promoted apoptosis , especially for hepatoma cell lines. Int. J. Nanomed. 2014; 9: 759-773. doi: 10.2147 / IJN.S56353 .
  7. ↑ Makoto Ema, Karin Sørig Hougaard, Atsuo Kishimoto & Kazumasa Honda: Reproductive and developmental toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials: A literature review, Nanotoxicology, (2016), 10: 4, 391–412, doi: 10.3109 / 17435390.2015.1073811
  8. ↑ Norihiro Kobayashi, Hiroto Izumi, and Yasuo Morimoto: Review of toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes , J Occup Health. (2017) Sep 20; 59 (5): 394-407. Published online 2017 Aug 8. doi: 10.1539 / joh.17-0089-RA , PMCID: PMC 5635148 (free full text), PMID 28794394 .
  9. ↑ Ping Xie, 1 Sheng-Tao Yang, 2, * Tiantian He, 3 Shengnan Yang, 2 and Xiao-Hai Tang3, *: Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Carbon Nanoparticles Suspension Injection in Intravenously Exposed Mice , int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017 Dec; 18 (12): 2562. Published online 2017 Nov 29. doi: 10.3390 / ijms18122562
  10. ↑ Zhou L, Forman HJ, Ge Y, Lunec J. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes: A cytotoxicity study in relation to functionalization, dose and dispersion. Toxicol In Vitro. 2017; 42: 292-298.
  11. ↑ A. Sanchez-Fernandez, L. Pena-Paras, R. Vidaltamayo, R. Cue-Sampedro, A. Mendoza-Martinez, V. Zomosa-Signoret, A. Rivas-Estilla, P. Riojas: Synthesization, Characterization and in Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxity of Biomaterials Based on Hallosite Nanotubes , Materials (Basel), Dec (2014), 7770-7780, doi: 10.3390 / ma7127770
  12. ↑ Liu X, Dumitrescu E, Kumar A, Austin D, Goia D, Wallace KN, Andreescu S .: Differential lethal and sublethal effects in embryonic zebrafish exposed to different sizes of silver nanoparticles. Environ Pollut. 2019 Feb 27; 248: 627-634. doi: 10.1016 / j.envpol.2019.02.085. PMID 30844699
  13. ↑ Asweto CO1, Wu J1, Alzain MA1, Hu H1, Andrea S1, Feng L1, Yang X1, Duan J2, Sun Z3: Cellular pathways involved in silica nanoparticles induced apoptosis: A systematic review of in vitro studies. , Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Dec; 56: 191-197. doi: 10.1016 / j.etap.2017.09.012.
  14. ↑ Anurag Kumar Srivastav, Mahadeo Kumar, Nasreen Ghazi Ansari, et al .: A comprehensive toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles versus their bulk in Wistar rats: Toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles , First Published February 9, 2016 Research Article [1]
  15. ↑ Graverini G1, Piazzini V1, Landucci E2, Pantano D3, Nardiello P3, Casamenti F3, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE2, Bilia AR1, Bergonzi MC4: Solid lipid nanoparticles for delivery of andrographolide across the blood-brain barrier: in vitro and in vivo evaluation . , Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018 Jan 1; 161: 302-313. doi: 10.1016 / j.colsurfb.2017.10.062. Epub 2017 Nov 6.