Biostroma

The expression Biostroma ("tissue of the living"; from ancient Greek βίος bios , life and στρῶμα stroma , tissue) denotes the entirety of organisms . The term was introduced in 1963 by Yevgeny Michailowitsch Lavrenko and was used particularly in biogeochemistry , biology and ecology in the Soviet Union and other states of the Eastern Bloc and is practically no longer in use today.

The term denotes a generic term for a hierarchization of the biosphere, that is, of the entire "living nature". Their systems are described as a “nested sequence of levels” - called “encaptic hierarchy”. In ascending order, their structural levels are referred to as organisms, populations and species, biocenoses and then collectively biostroma. With biological communities this "ecological [] communities" is meant understood that "as in the steady state contained, dynamic, self-regulating [...] Systems [...] (biosphere, Biostroma)" and cybernetic be described terminology. Examples are the tropical rainforest , savannah , steppe , deciduous deciduous forest and tundra subsystems .

Individual evidence

↑ In the definition in G. Klaus / M. Buhr: Philosophical Dictionary , Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1975: “As a whole that is organized in space and time, the biosphere, and in it the living matter, has a characteristic structure. The living components of the biosphere consist of systems of various orders that form an encaptic hierarchy. The natural basis of the hierarchy is formed by the individual living beings, the organismic individuals. They exist as members of local populations that are subsystems of species. Due to the material-energetic relationships to each other, the populations form different types of biocenoses. The biocenoses of different places of life (biotopes) are connected to the biostroma , to the again structured tissue of the living that spans the earth's surface "
^ Meeting reports of the GDR Academy of Sciences, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Technology, 1 (1979), 7
↑ Cf. Anneliese Griese, Hubert Laitko (ed.): Weltanschauung and method: philosophical contributions to the unity of natural and social sciences, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1969, 18.
↑ Herbert Hörz , Karl-Friedrich Wessel, Gerhard Banse (eds.): Philosophy and natural sciences , dictionary on the philosophical questions of natural science, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1986, p. 141.

[1] In the definition in G. Klaus / M. Buhr: Philosophical Dictionary , Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1975: “As a whole that is organized in space and time, the biosphere, and in it the living matter, has a characteristic structure. The living components of the biosphere consist of systems of various orders that form an encaptic hierarchy. The natural basis of the hierarchy is formed by the individual living beings, the organismic individuals. They exist as members of local populations that are subsystems of species. Due to the material-energetic relationships to each other, the populations form different types of biocenoses. The biocenoses of different places of life (biotopes) are connected to the biostroma , to the again structured tissue of the living that spans the earth's surface "

[2] Meeting reports of the GDR Academy of Sciences, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Technology, 1 (1979), 7

[3] Cf. Anneliese Griese, Hubert Laitko (ed.): Weltanschauung and method: philosophical contributions to the unity of natural and social sciences, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1969, 18.

[4] Herbert Hörz , Karl-Friedrich Wessel, Gerhard Banse (eds.): Philosophy and natural sciences , dictionary on the philosophical questions of natural science, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1986, p. 141.