Bisernica
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The Bisernica ( bisɛrnitsa , "beads") is a long-necked loud that in the Croatian and Slovenian is played folk music. It is the smallest instrument in a tamburica ensemble and is also known under the names samica and prim . The bisernica usually has three double strings (gda); but there are also four-part, two-part and one-part variants.
The III. Bisernica, which is tuned differently. The open strings on this instrument are tuned to cgd; however, it is notated and played as if it were tuned to gda (like the other instruments). The III. Bisernica is called a transposing musical instrument because the notation is different from its sound. For example, the note c sounds on III. Bisernica than the note f, i.e. a fourth higher.
The typical way of playing is what is known as trzanje in Croatian . This technique produces the usual soft timbre, which is very similar to that of other instruments such as the mandolin or the balalaika . The bisernica mostly plays the first or the highest voice or decorations (transitions etc.) of a piece of music. It has a very high, fine sound.
Scores for tambura ensembles usually have two or three Bisernica voices. The second bisernica used to be called kontrašica , but this word is no longer used very often. The " Srijem " Tambura musicians name the I. Bisernica also with the foreign word prim or prima and the II. Bisernica they call Terzprim or Terzprima .
Kutarevka or Dangubica
Kutarevka or Dangubica are further subspecies of the Samica. This instrument is mainly used in Kordun and Lika and parts of western Bosnia. It is a small, rural plucked instrument with modest characteristics. Two pairs of strings are tuned in the interval from fourths d2-a1, or, if necessary, the singer in dancing, or even one note higher, i.e. e2-b1. The name Kutarevka comes from a small village called Kuterevo in the Lika.
Mood
Three-part variants
- I. Bisernica: gda
- II. Bisernica: gda
- III. Bisernica: cgd
Four-part variants
- I. Bisernica: there
- II. Bisernica: daeh
- III. Bisernica: gdae
G / D:
- G-Štim: gdae
- D-Štim: daeh (written like G-Štim)
A / E (Srijemski štim / Slavonske Tambure):
- E-Štim: e²-h¹-f sharp¹-c sharp¹ (is notated an octave lower)
