Boris Vladimirovich Derjagin

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Boris Vladimirovich Derjagin ( Russian Борис Владимирович Дерягин , English transcription Boris Vladimirovich Derjaguin or Derjagin ; born August 9, 1902 in Moscow ; † May 16, 1994 ) was a Russian chemist and physicist. He is best known for his fundamental contributions to the chemistry of colloids and surfaces.

life and work

In 1935 he became a professor and until his death in 1936 headed his own laboratory for surface physics and the department of sorption processes in the Institute for Physical Chemistry of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow.

He is known for the DLVO theory (named after Derjagin, Lew Landau , Evert Verwey , Theodoor Overbeek ) of the interaction of charged surfaces in liquids, for example to describe colloidal dispersions and their instability, as originally described by Landau and Derjagin 1941, or thin ones liquid films.

The Derjagin approximation (1934) enables the interaction of sufficiently large spherical particles to be traced back to flat surfaces.

In 1956 he provided an experimental confirmation of the Casimir effect with II Abrikosowa and Evgeni Lifschitz . In 1958 Marcus Sparnaay also succeeded in doing this .

Also in 1956 (with Boris Wladimirowitsch Spizyn (English transcription: Boris Vladimirovich Spitsyn)) he proposed the synthesis of diamonds from gas separation, but this was not taken into account at the time. However, he continued to pursue the research and carried out successful experiments (1967), which, however, also received little attention in the West until a Soviet conference in 1971. His involvement in polywater research contributed to the research in the USA at that time this area was not promoted in the USA.

In the 1970s he developed a DMT theory of elastic body adhesion (after Derjagin, V. Muller, Y. Toporov), which he vigorously defended against the JKR theory of KL Johnson, K. Kendall and AD Roberts. This led to the development of criteria by D. Tabor and D. Mauguis for the applicability of one of the two theories.

From 1962 to 1973 he was involved in polywater research and presented the research on anomalous water (as he called it) in England in 1966. He later distanced himself from it and attributed the effects to impurities. However, its reputation suffered from involvement in polywater research.

He also dealt with the theory of thermophoresis and osmosis .

In the discussion about cold fusion in 1989, he showed that shock waves in titanium and palladium metal bodies that were saturated with deuterium could also release neutrons.

He was a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (corresponding member since 1946, full member 1992) and of the Leopoldina since 1974 . In 1958 he received the Lomonosov Prize and in 1991 the State Prize of the USSR .

For many years he published the Russian magazine Коллоидный журнал (Eng. "Colloid Journal"; ISSN  0023-2912 ).

Fonts

  • The force between molecules. In: Scientific American. July 1960.
  • with B. Fedoseev: Synthesis of Diamonds at low pressure. In: Scientific American. November 1975.
  • Superdense water. In: Scientific American. November 1970.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. BV Derjaguin, II Abrikosova, EM Lifshitz: Direct measurement of molecular attraction between solids separated by a narrow gap . In: Quarterly Reviews, Chemical Society . tape 10 , no. 3 , 1956, pp. 295-329 , doi : 10.1039 / qr9561000295 . The participating theorist Lifschitz developed a more realistic theory of the experiment, including imperfect material properties (for example, imperfectly conductive metals).
  2. James E. Butler: Diamond Growth from Gases: where are we going? And how did we get there? ( Memento from April 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Lecture, 8th International Conference New Diamond Science and Technology, Melbourne 2002 (PDF).
  3. BV Derjaguin, VM Muller, Yu. P. Toporov: Effect of contact deformations on the adhesion of particles . In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science . tape 53 , no. 2 , November 1975, p. 314-326 , doi : 10.1016 / 0021-9797 (75) 90018-1 .
  4. ^ KL Johnson, K. Kendall, AD Roberts: Surface Energy and the Contact of Elastic Solids . In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences . tape 324 , no. 1558 , August 9, 1971, p. 301-313 , doi : 10.1098 / rspa.1971.0141 .
  5. BV Derjaguin, NV Churaev: Nature of “Anomalous Water” . In: Nature . tape 244 , no. 5416 , August 1, 1973, p. 430-431 , doi : 10.1038 / 244430a0 .
  6. BV Derjaguin, AG Lipson, VA Kluev, DM Sakov, Yu. P. Toporov: Titanium fracture yields neutrons? In: Nature . tape 341 , no. 6242 , October 1, 1989, p. 492 , doi : 10.1038 / 341492a0 .