Bougainvilliidae
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| Bougainvilliidae | ||||||||||||
| Luetken , 1850 |
The Bougainvillidae are a family of the Hydrozoa (Hydrozoa). The family currently includes around 100 species.
features
The hydroid polyps form colonies or are rarely solitary . They form stolonial or monopodial canes that are erect and branched or rarely sessile and emanate from the creeping hydrorhiza. The upright colonies have terminal hydrant , the trunks of the sticks are monosiphonal or also polysiphonal. The body of the hydroid polyps is bottle-shaped, the base can be surrounded by a pseudohydrotheque. There may be one or more rings of filiform tentacles that stand distally in a narrow zone below the cone of the mouth. The gonophores are either free medusa or tightly fitting spore sacs that develop on hydrocaules , stolons or blastostyles . The medusa are bell-shaped with a round mouth and short manubrium . The mouth tentacles are either simply or dichotomously branched and insert above the mouth ring. The marginal tentacles are quite solid and contractile. They stand individually or in groups on 4, 8 or 16 tentacle bases. There are four radial channels and one ring channel. The gonads sit on the manubrium and form a continuous ring or they sit on the radial canals, interradial or perradial. Ocellus are present or may be absent.
Geographical occurrence
The species in this family are found worldwide. Some species are also found in the North and Baltic Seas. The main area of distribution is in the circumpolar and sub-Antarctic waters. So far they have mainly been found in the shallower water as far as the upper Bathyal. Some species tend to multiply in large numbers. Thus Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) by the clogging of cooling water pipes also an economic significance.
Systematics
According to the "World Hydrozoa Database Directory", the family contains 15 genera. Bouillon et al. (2006) also run Lizzia and Lizzella in this family. Lizzia is part of the Rathkeidae family in the World Hydrozoa Database , Lizzella is taken as a synonym of Spirocodon Haeckel, 1880 ( Polyorchidae family ).
- Bimeria Wright, 1859
- Bougainvillia Lesson, 1836
- Chiarella Maas, 1897
- Dicoryne Allman, 1859
- Garveia Wright, 1859
- Koellikerina Kramp, 1939
- Millardiana Wedler & Larson, 1986
- Nemopsis Agassiz, 1850
- Nubiella Bouillon, 1980
- Pachycordyle Weismann, 1883
- Parawrightia Warren, 1907
- Rhizorhagium Sars, 1874
- Silhouetta Millard & Bouillon, 1973
- Thamnostoma Haeckel, 1879
- Velkovrhia Matjasic & Sket, 1971
swell
literature
- Jean Bouillon, Cinzia Gravili, Francesc Pagès, Josep-Maria Gili and Fernando Boero: An introduction to Hydrozoa. Mémoires du Muséum national d 'Histoire naturelle, 194: 1-591, Publications Scientifiques du Muséum, Paris 2006 ISBN 978-2-85653-580-6
- Marymegan Daly, Mercer R. Brugler, Paulyn Cartwright, Allen G. Collin, Michael N. Dawson, Daphne G. Fautin, Scott C. France, Catherine S. McFadden, Dennis M. Opresko, Estefania Rodriguez, Sandra L. Romano & Joel L. Stake: The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668: 127-182, Wellington 2007 ISSN 1175-5326 Abstract - PDF
On-line
Individual evidence
Web links
- Fauna Europaea (Directory of European Species)