Brown ribbon

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Brown ribbon
Brown ribbon (Minucia lunaris)

Brown ribbon ( Minucia lunaris )

Systematics
Superfamily : Noctuoidea
Family : Owl butterfly (Noctuidae)
Subfamily : Catocalinae
Tribe : Ophiusini
Genre : Minucia
Type : Brown ribbon
Scientific name
Minucia lunaris
( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)

The brown ribbon ( Minucia lunaris ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the owl butterfly family (Noctuidae). The German name "Braunes Ordensband" is systematically a bit misleading, because the species does not belong to the genus of classical ribbons ( Catocala ).

features

butterfly

The moths reach a wingspan of 52 to 60 millimeters, with the females becoming larger than the males. The color of the forewings ranges from gray to light brown to dark brown. The inner and outer transverse line is light, often darkly lined and slightly wavy, on the other hand the wavy line is strongly wavy to slightly jagged. The outer transverse line is often even lined with a somewhat wider, dark band. In the area of ​​contact between the outer transverse line and the front edge, the band is often very dark and speckled. Often the border area deviates from the basic color and is prominently highlighted. The fringes are also colored, lighter or a little darker. The kidney defect is relatively small and darker than the basic color, often even deep black. There is also a very small, black orbicular spot. The root field also has a black spot, which is slightly larger than the orbicular spot. The fringes have dark points at the base where they intersect with the veins. The hind wings are lined with a fine yellow and otherwise dark brown with an even darker band across the middle of the wing. The antennae are long and the eyes are large.

Egg, caterpillar and pupa

The egg is strongly flattened at the bottom, with 20 wavy longitudinal lines and finer transverse lines. After oviposition, it is initially light green in color, with a blotchy, white band; the egg base is also colored white. The color changes to dark red shortly before the egg caterpillar hatches. The caterpillars are initially dotted green and white, with reddish side stripes. The later stages are brownish-gray with a brownish head, but which has yellowish and darker, elongated markings. The back shows a weak, relatively wide back zone. On the fourth segment are two orange-red side bumps; On the penultimate segment, two small, light brown, darkly lined eye spots are formed. The caterpillars are 60 to 70 mm long before pupation. The doll is dark red-brown to blackish brown, with a wrinkled cremaster . This has two longer and four shorter curved bristles.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The brown ribbon occurs in southern and central Europe. In the meantime, a deposit in southern Sweden is also considered to be indigenous. The species is also found in southern England; whether as a migrant or down-to-earth is controversial. Apparently she was down to earth at least at times. The distribution area stretches across Central Russia to the Volga and Kazakhstan. The species is also native to North Africa and Asia Minor as well as Cyprus. It prefers sunny and dry places such as slopes, clearings, forest edges, light mixed deciduous forests (especially oak forests ) or aisles / impacts and valleys. The brown ribbon can be found in the mountains up to a height of 800 m.

Way of life

The Brown Ribbon trains one generation per year. The flight time of the shy moths begins in May and ends at the end of June. In southern Europe, however, it can begin as early as March. The animals are nocturnal, but they can also be found in the afternoon when they are flying over the meadows. They can easily be scared away from the leaf litter. At night you can find the moths at light sources, which they leave immediately at the slightest disturbance. They also get the bait and visit flowers. The caterpillars live on the buds and leaves of oak trees ( Quercus ). In their movement, they are more reminiscent of caterpillars. Young caterpillars initially hide on the underside of the leaf, later, when they have changed color, they sit on the branches (astmimesis). They pupate in autumn, the pupa hibernates in a solid cocoon on the ground.

Danger

The brown ribbon is classified in category 3 as "endangered" on the red list of endangered species of the FRG. In Saxony and Thuringia it is threatened with extinction (Category 1); Bavaria, Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia classify them as "highly endangered" (category 2).

Systematics and taxonomy

The species was first scientifically described in 1775 by Michael Denis and Johann Ignaz Schiffermüller as Noctua lunaris . Minucia inconspicua Warren, 1913 is a younger synonym of Minucia lunaris Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775. Minucia lunaris is the type species of the genus Minucia Moore, 1885. Ten species of the genus are currently known, but only one of them, the brown ribbon in Europe in front. Earlier the species was added to the genus Pseudophia Guenée, 1852. However, this genus is a more recent, objective synonym of the genus Clytie Hübner, 1823. This genus is clearly different from Minucia , but is also placed in the subfamily Catocalinae.

swell

literature

  • Günter Ebert, Axel Steiner: The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 6, Nachtfalter IV. Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1997 (Eulen (Noctuidae) 2nd part), ISBN 3-800-13482-9
  • Barry Goater, László Ronkay & Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae 10. Catocalinae & Plusiinae. Entomological Press, Sorø 2003 ISBN 87-89430-08-5

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mats Lindenborg: Intressanta fynd av storfjarilar (Macrolepidoptera) i Sverige 2005. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 127 (1-2): 61-71, Lund 2006. ISSN  0013-886X
  2. ↑ UKMoths

Web links

Commons : Braunes Ordensband  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files