Bremen citizen oath
The Bremer Bürgereid , in Low German Bremer Borger-Eed , was an oath that was in use in Bremen from 1365 to 1904 .
Bremen citizenship
From about 965 residents are Bremen in chronicles as cives or burgenses so called citizens in the Archbishop's records but only from 1139. In this document on the transfer of Willehadi chapter to the (current) Stephani Church is also the first time with civitas citizenship ( in the original sense) mentioned as a collective subject. While after the Gelnhaus privilege of 1186 newcomers should be able to gain citizenship simply by permanent residence in the city, it was granted over time by the council, which raised a fee for it. In the case of shoemakers, the shoemaker's office also had to approve naturalization. A special feature of Bremen was that women could also acquire citizenship, but as wives of Bremen citizens who moved there had to. Citizens' children inherited citizenship. In order to be able to perceive it, from 1365 both new citizens and young citizens had to take the citizenship oath. In it every citizen had to expressly commit to the laws and the government of Bremen.
Members of the advisable families (only with substantial real estate one could be elected to the Bremen council .) However not infrequently failed to take the oath and exercised their rights and privileges no less.
With the establishment of the new town , in order to promote its settlement, a cheaper new town citizenship was created, which however also comprised fewer rights than that of the old town. In the 19th century, to run a business, you had to acquire the more expensive civil rights with extended freedom of action at times .
history
The citizen oath was introduced in 1365 after the banner run - an uprising against the city's patricians . It was a duty for all persons who wanted to acquire citizenship . In the formula of the oath, the would-be citizen undertook to respect the city council , comply with the law, pay taxes and have weapons ready for the defense of the city. Without a citizen oath, it was not possible to obtain office in the city. The taking of the citizen oath was confirmed with a certificate and the corresponding person was noted in the civil register.
Until shortly after the French era in Bremen , the citizen oath was taken in Low German , from 1815 in a slightly modified version in High German . The obligation to take the citizenship oath was lifted on February 26, 1904, but it was still required to obtain the right to vote and to be eligible for citizenship. It continued to exist for civil servants, evangelical preachers, lawyers and notaries Abolished for good in May 1920.
Gemeener Borger-Eed of the city of Bremen (1365–1815)
“I want to be obedient to the yard syn and number more against the yard dohn, ock in all hardships and danger, so this good city now and in the future, may lead and meet the yard, ock common city and Borgerschup, trouw and holdt syn; I want to take ock tho Uprohr Ohrsake geven, nor my dartho versellschoppen; But where ick Uprohr, or some other practices ofte heimlike attacks, everybody duss gode city learns, Ick wants to report the Rahde trouwliken, and holden tables and Boeck, with the Nyen upgraded Eendracht, alse de de Rahd and whole Meenheit raised; I want to be really ziesen and shadow, ock really consumeren, as long as solke consumption, with Belevung Eene Ehrenvesten Rahds and the Borgerschup, bleats in the bridge; Minem Hövetmanne and Rottmeister, ock others of the Rahdes commanders, obey obedience; and therefore wants to defend and promote the best of the yard, and the common city, to defend against it and afflict damage and harm, close to all my wealth. The rifle, darmede Ick appeared in front of Enem Ehrenvesten Rahde, dat is mien egen, datsülve does not want to reduce Ick, but ban the best of mines fortune: So help my God! "
The general citizen oath of the city of Bremen (1815–1904)
“I want to be obedient to the advice and never act against the advice, even in all the hardships and dangers that this good city may face and face now and in the future, to be loyal and gracious to the council, also to the common city and citizens; Neither do I want to give rise to a riot, nor socialize with it; Rather, whenever I find out about riots or other similar practices or secret attacks against this good city, I want to tell the council faithfully, and keep (the laws on the board) board and (in) the book, with the unity, that is, that the council and (the) whole congregation (decided and sworn) have. I want to (pay) tariffs and taxes rightly, also consume rightly, as long as such consumption remains in use with the favor of an honorable council and the citizenry; Give due obedience to my captain and Rottmeister, as well as to other council commanders; and therefore wants to strive and promote for the good of the council and the town community, on the other hand to ward off their damage and disadvantage and turn away as far as I can. This possession (proof), with which I appear before an honorable council, is my own, I do not want to reduce it, but improve it to the best of my ability: So help me God! "
See also
literature
- Karl Reineke: III. Bremen citizenship. In: Hermann Entholt, Historical Society of the Artists' Association (ed.): Bremisches Jahrbuch. Series A, Volume 32, G. Winters Buchhandlung, Fr. Quelle Nachf., Bremen 1929, pp. 195–232 ( brema.suub.uni-bremen.de ).
- Michael Kotulla: III. Bremen citizenship. In: German Constitutional Law 1806–1918: A collection of documents and introductions . tape 4 : Bremen . Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-540-29504-4 , pp. 8th ff ., doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29505-1 ( books.google.de - reading sample).
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Reineke: The Bremen civil right. P. 220 ( brema.suub.uni-bremen.de ).
- ↑ a b The Bremen Citizens' Oath at Gesetzblatt.bremen.de.