Castle monument (Heilbronn)
| Castle monument | ||
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 View from Jägerhaussteige to the southwest of the castle monument in the center of the picture, with the rest of the Gaffenberg behind it. The spur height of the castle monument in the middle of the picture as well as the Köpfertal on the left half of the picture are forested, in the right half of the picture there are vineyards on the slopes down into the Neckar valley basin around Heilbronn |
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| Alternative name (s): | Altböckingen Castle | |
| Creation time : | unknown | |
| Castle type : | Spurburg | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Standing position : | Gentry | |
| Place: | Heilbronn | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 7 '33 " N , 9 ° 15' 1" E | |
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The castle monument is a ground monument near Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg . The mountain spur secured with ramparts and ditches in the Heilbronn city forest is regarded as the remnant of a hilltop castle , where perhaps a lower local nobility from the abandoned town of Altböckingen sat.
location
The castle monument is the tip of a mountain spur that runs from the Gaffenberg to the northeast . It is located around three kilometers southeast of Heilbronn city center.
description
The high plateau is around 90 meters long and 40 meters wide. An approximately 60 meter long incision made of rampart and moat separates the castle monument from the mountain behind. The north-western edge of the small plain borders on the slopes of the vineyards below and is heavily excavated due to centuries of use for viticulture and the mining of Heilbronn sandstone, which is also practiced there to a small extent . To the southeast, the terrain slopes down to the valley of the Köpfers .
To the south of the high plateau stretches a jagged, thoroughly excavated piece of terrain, which probably got its present shape from the operation of stone and marl pits from the high Middle Ages until the 18th century at the latest.
The castle monument is completely wooded. The Heilbronn Beautification Association planted the Uhlandslinde within the complex in 1887 and created a small recreational area. The old tree was replaced by a new plant in 2007.
Research history
A castle monument appears for the first time in 1382 in the Heilbronn document book, but possibly a different system is meant due to the Böckinger field names mentioned in the same context . In Schmitt's map from 1797 a Maal castle is entered on the mountain spur below the Gaffenberg. The Oberamtsbeschreibung from 1865 mentions the moat and ramparts for the first time and assumes the castle of the Lords of Bekingen , the local lords of the abandoned town of Altböckingen , to be in the complex . In the new edition of the Oberamtsbeschreibung from 1901, the castle is then assigned to the Lords of Tannenburg without any further explanation . Alfred Schliz , on the other hand, understood the complex in a text from 1900 as a prehistoric ring wall . In 1937 Günter Beiler rejected the prehistoric origin of the complex, he recognized a "loose stone setting without recognizable mortar technique" as well as bricks and medieval shards that could ultimately indicate a medieval origin of the complex. Wilhelm Mattes examined the complex in 1954 and found neither walls nor wooden fixtures. Because of the discovery of a 7th century coin in the Köpfertal in 1955, he regards the castle monument as the remnant of a Merovingian refugee castle from the migration period. In 2003, Peter Wanner put the facility back in context with the high medieval lords of Altböckingen.
literature
- Alfred Schliz: The course of development of burials and cremations in the Bronze and Hallstatt Period in the Heilbronn area , in: Historischer Verein Heilbronn, 6th publication, Heilbronn 1900, p. 1ff.
- Günter Beiler: The prehistoric and early historical settlement of the Oberamt Heilbronn a. N. , in: Historischer Verein Heilbronn, 18th publication, Heilbronn 1937.
- Wilhelm Mates: Finds and observations from prehistoric times , in: Historischer Verein Heilbronn, 23rd publication, Heilbronn 1960, p. 7ff.
- Peter Wanner: Devastation in Heilbronn and the surrounding area. Preliminary report on a research desideratum , in: heilbronnica 2. Contributions to the history of the city , Heilbronn 2006 (sources and research on the history of the city of Heilbronn 15), pp. 9–50.
- Christoph Morrissey: Nomen est omen? The castle monument on the Heilbronn Mountains , in: Heilbronnica 2. Contributions to the history of the city , Heilbronn 2006 (sources and research on the history of the city of Heilbronn 15), pp. 51–62.
- The castle monument near Heilbronn , in: Christoph Morrissey and Dieter Müller: Prehistoric fortifications 17: Wall systems in the city and district of Heilbronn , Stuttgart 2006, pp. 11–21.
