Candida auris
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Candida auris on nutrient medium |
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| Candida auris | ||||||||||
| Satoh & Makimura |
Candida auris is a type of fungus thatgrows like yeast and was first described as a causative agent of otomycosis (ear infection) in Japan in 2009. The name comes from the Latin word for ear, auris .
Identification and morphology
C. auris forms smooth, shiny, white-gray, viscous colonies with a reddish to pinkish core on growth media. The individual cells have an ellipsoidal shape.
Clinical significance
Candida auris is one of the few types of candida that can cause candidiasis in humans. Candidiasis is most commonly acquired in hospitals by people with compromised immune systems and can be particularly fatal in these patients. It can cause dangerous invasive candidiasis, which affects the bloodstream ( fungemia ), central nervous system, kidneys, liver, bones, muscles, joints, spleen, or eyes. In addition, there are often other serious diseases such as diabetes, sepsis, lung diseases and kidney diseases.
Lately, C. auris due to its resistance to multiple drugs ( antifungal agents ) such. B. fluconazole , voriconazole, and amphotericin B have attracted greater attention. The treatment is also complicated because C. auris in the diagnosis easily with other Candida species and other organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula glutinis can be confused.
Genome
Several draft genomes of whole genome sequencing have been published. C. auris has a genome size of 12.3–12.5 Mb with a GC content of 44.5–44.8%. The C. auris genome has been found to encode several genes for the ABC family of transporters, a large superfamily that explains drug multiple drug resistance. Its genome also codes for virulence-related gene families such as lipases , oligopeptide transporters, mannosyltransferases and transcription factors that facilitate colonization, invasion and iron uptake. Another factor that contributes to the resistance of the fungi is the presence of a number of genes that are known to be involved in biofilm formation .
Epidemiology
The phylogeny of C. auris suggests that different genotypes in different geographical regions exist with considerable genomic diversity. A variety of sequence-based analytical methods have been used to support this finding.
Individual evidence
- ^ Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology: Candida auris , accessed on May 2, 2019
- ↑ Satoh K, Makimura K, Hasumi Y, Nishiyama Y, Uchida K, Yamaguchi H. Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital. Microbiol Immunol. 2009; 53 (1): 41-4.
- ↑ CDC (Centers for Disease control and Prevention): General Information about Candida auris , accessed May 2, 2019
- ↑ Satoh K, Makimura K, Hasumi Y, Nishiyama Y, Uchida K, Yamaguchi H. Candida auris sp. nov., Microbiol Immunol. 2009; 53 (1): 41-4.
- ↑ Anke Brodmerkel: Candida auris, The mysterious fungus that can bring death on berliner-zeitung.de, accessed on May 2, 2019
- ↑ Johann Grolle: The killer mushroom that came out of nowhere on spiegel.de, accessed on May 2, 2019
- ↑ Larkin E, Hager C, Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, Retuerto M, Salem I, Long L, Isham N, Kovanda L, Borroto-Esoda K, Wring S, Angulo D, Ghannoum M. The Emerging Pathogen Candida auris: Growth Phenotype , Virulence Factors, Activity of Antifungals, and Effect of SCY-078, a Novel Glucan Synthesis Inhibitor, on Growth Morphology and Biofilm Formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017; 61 (5). pii: e02396-16