Chaironeia
Chaironeia ( Greek Χαιρώνεια , Latin Chaeronea , German also Chäronea ) was an ancient city in the west of the Boeotia region in Greece near today's Cheronia in the municipality of Livadia . The city was on the border with Phocis in a plain on the northern foothills of Mount Thurion in the valley of Kephisos .
Chaironeia belonged to the 5th century BC. To the city of Orchomenos , but later became independent. The name of the city is best known for the victory of King Philip II of Macedonia over the Greek cities in 338 BC. At the battle of Chaeronea . A second battle of Chaeronea took place in 86 BC. When the Roman general Sulla took the troops of Mithridates VI. struck by Pontus.
The lion of Chaironeia was the basis for the reconstruction of the lion of Amphipolis by the sculptor Andreas Panagiotakes . Philip II had in 338 BC Establish a grave of honor for the counted 254 Thebans who were buried under a stone lion on a pedestal. (These were probably 252 body burials and 2 cremations.) Thus, despite their defeat, they were honored as heroes by the winners. This 5.50 meter high lion sitting on a pedestal was also mentioned by Pausanias 9,40,10. In 1902 the lion was able to be set up again in situ from the fragments found in 1818, which were supplemented.
The writer Plutarch came from Chaironeia .
literature
- Peter Funke : Chaironeia. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 2, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01472-X , Sp. 1084 f. ( online ).
- Paul Roesch: CHAIRONEIA Boiotia, Greece . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
- William Smith : Chaeroneia . In: William Smith : Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London 1854.
Web links
- Chaeronea in the Pleiades database
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 38 ° 30 ' N , 22 ° 51' E