Chakchiuma

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The Chakchiuma were a North American Indian people who originally settled in the southeastern United States on the Yazoo River in what is now Mississippi . Their dialect was closely related to the Choctaw and Chickasaw (language) languages ​​and belonged to the Muskogee language family . The name Chakchiuma comes from the Choctaw and can be translated as "red crayfish" ( Shåktci - crayfish, homma - red).

history

They were closely related to the Houma , whose tribe had split off before first contact with whites. The Chakchiuma migrated with the Choctaw and Chickasaw from the western United States to the southeastern woodlands and settled near them on the Yazoo River and Yalobusha River . James Mooney estimated their number at around 1200 people in 1650. A French map from around 1697 shows that another group settled near Sabougla , but this could also have belonged to the Sawokli . At the time of the De Sotos expedition around 1540, the Chickasaw and Chakchiuma tribes were enemies. When a missionary was killed by the Chakchiuma, who were considered warlike, during the French settlement of Louisiana , other tribes were incited by the French to attack the Chakchiuma. As a result of these attacks, the tribe was significantly decimated in the course of the early 18th century, parts of the tribe went into the Chickasaw. The population around 1722 was estimated at around 150 people.

During the Natchez uprising , the remaining Chakchiuma sided with the French and fought on their side against the Chikasaw in 1739. It is not certain whether the Chakchiuma was completely destroyed by the joint efforts of the Chickasaw and Choctaw. A large clan of the Choctaw bears the name Chakchiuma, the remains of the tribe may have been absorbed by the Choctaw.

literature

  • John Reed Swanton: The Indians of the southeastern United States . New edition edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979, ISBN 0-87474-895-X (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ James F. Barnett: The Natchez Indians: A History to 1735 . New edition edition. University Press of Mississippi, 2007, ISBN 1-57806-988-2 , pp. 19 (English).
  2. ^ John Reed Swanton: The Indians of the southeastern United States . New edition edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979, ISBN 0-87474-895-X , pp. 105-106 (English).

Web links

  • CHAKCHIUMA. In: Four Directions Institute. Four Directions Press, accessed January 5, 2010 .