Clairon
Clairon (French), Bugle , English bugle , Italian corna since segnale , Spanish corneta , in medieval French texts a small, derived from a bovine horn , the instrumentenkundlich to the natural trumpets heard.
history
Johann Gottfried Walther's Musicalisches Lexicon from 1732 reports of a Clairon already with the Greeks, and Clarions with the "old Brits ". The Bohemian composer Jakub Jan Ryba still used the Clairon in 1796 in his Bohemian Christmas Mass .
The French Clairon later referred to a narrow and bright-sounding signal trumpet in the military, which had no valves or other mechanisms for influencing the tone. This means that only natural tones can be played. Today's Clairon was invented in France in 1822 by the manufacturer Antoine Courtois. First a signaling instrument used by the infantry, it was adopted by military musicians in 1831.
Organ register
The name Clairon also refers to an organ register that has been recorded in the northern French-southern Belgian region since 1554. At the beginning of the 18th century it was spread through Andreas Silbermann in Alsace and his brother Gottfried Silbermann in Central Germany. In the course of the 18th century, Balthasar König and Johann Michael Stumm introduced the Clairon in the Rhineland and Karl Joseph Riepp in southern Germany. In contrast, the register was only carried out sporadically in German-speaking Switzerland, the Habsburg region, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia and Northern Germany. This lingual register has conical, flared cups; the design corresponds to the trumpet in 4 'position. In England and Italy it was also found in the 8 'position from the 19th century.
Military trumpet
US Navy Bugle Player (1917)
literature
- Anthony C. Baines, Trevor Herbert: Bugle. In: Laurence Libin (Ed.): The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. Volume 1. Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2014, pp. 427f
- Johann Gottfried Walther : Musical Lexicon [...]. Wolffgang Deer, Leipzig 1732, p. 168 (new print Bärenreiter study edition , edited by Friederike Ramm, Kassel 2001, p. 156).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Walther 1732, p. 168 (reprint 2001, p. 156.)
- ^ Roland Eberlein : Organ register. Their names and their history . 3. Edition. Siebenquart, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-941224-00-1 , p. 86-88 .
