Coca alkaloids

Coca bush ( Erythroxylum coca ), illustration

Coca bush ( Erythroxylum coca ) with leaves and fruits

Coca alkaloids are natural substances of the tropane alkaloid type.

Occurrence

The alkaloids are isolated from the leaves of the coca bush . Dried leaves of the shrub contain about 2.5% alkaloids, the content varies depending on the cultivation area, extraction method, age and storage of the leaves.

Representative

The main alkaloid of the coca bush is (-) - cocaine , which makes up between 20 and 90% of the total alkaloid content. Other representatives include a. Tropane alkaloids such as ecgonine , tropinone and tropacocaine as well as the pyrrolidine alkaloids hygrine and cuscohygrine .

(-) - Cocaine
(-) - Ecgonine
Tropinone
Tropacocaine
(+) - hygrin
meso- muscohygrin

properties

(-) - Cocaine hydrochloride was previously used as a local anesthetic . It is an illegal addictive substance and drug. (-) - Cocaine may have an effect a. short-term performance-enhancing and euphoric. Ecgonine also has stimulating and performance-enhancing, but less addictive properties than (-) - cocaine.

Individual evidence

↑ H. Latscha, U. Kazmaier: Chemistry for Biologists . 4th edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin / Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-47783-0 , p. 683 f .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Entry on coca alkaloids. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 15, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Eberhard Breitmaier: Alkaloids . Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 978-3-519-03542-8 , pp. 40 f .
↑ ^a ^b E. Johnson: Variation of Alkaloid Content in Erythroxylum coca Leaves from Leaf Bud to Leaf Drop . In: Annals of Botany . tape 73 , no. 6 , June 1994, pp. 645 , doi : 10.1006 / anbo.1994.1081 .
^ Enno Freye: The Different Types of Alkaloids in Coca . In: Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs . Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York 2009, ISBN 978-90-481-2447-3 , pp. 27 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-90-481-2448-0_5 .

[Bio-1] H. Latscha, U. Kazmaier: Chemistry for Biologists . 4th edition. Springer Spectrum, Berlin / Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-47783-0 , p. 683 f .

[Römpp-2] Entry on coca alkaloids. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on May 15, 2020.

[Alkaloide-3] Eberhard Breitmaier: Alkaloids . Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 978-3-519-03542-8 , pp. 40 f .

[DOI10.1006/anbo.1994.1081-4] E. Johnson: Variation of Alkaloid Content in Erythroxylum coca Leaves from Leaf Bud to Leaf Drop . In: Annals of Botany . tape 73 , no. 6 , June 1994, pp. 645 , doi : 10.1006 / anbo.1994.1081 .

[Freye-5] Enno Freye: The Different Types of Alkaloids in Coca . In: Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs . Springer, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York 2009, ISBN 978-90-481-2447-3 , pp. 27 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-90-481-2448-0_5 .