Cochlear (spoon)

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A cochlear ( that or that, also coclear ) is a form of a Roman spoon ( Greek : Κοχλιάριον, Kochliárion , from κόχλος kóchlos "snail, snail shell").

Roman spoon, above: cochlear

Roman spoons can be divided into two basic shapes, the ligula and the cochlear. The cochlear is characterized by a straight handle with a pointed end, the spoon bowl (spoon) can have different shapes (round, oval, bag-shaped).

With the pointed end, for example, snails could be skewered and eggs could be eaten. The name derived from the Greek kochlos (“snail”, Latin coc (h) lea ) says this, but the function is also described by Martial , who lets a cochlear say: “I am handy for snails, but no less useful for the eggs: do you know why people call me Cochlear after all? ”(Martial XIV 121). The cochlear can be seen in the above-mentioned functions on ancient images, in Augst even a specimen with an adherent eggshell was found.

In the Catholic liturgy , the cochlearium is the goblet spoon with which a few drops of water are added to the altar wine at Holy Mass ; in the divine liturgy of the Eastern Churches , it is used to give communion .

From antiquity to the early modern period, the cochlear (or cochlearium) was also used as a small measure of capacity - "a spoon (full)" - in the kitchen and pharmacy.

See also

literature

  • E. Riha et al. W. Stern: The Roman spoons from Augst and Kaiseraugst . August 1982.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karl-Ernst Georges (founder), Thomas Baier (ed.), Tobias Dänzer (arr.): The new Georges. Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. Wissenschaftliches Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2013, ISBN 978-3-534-25214-5 , ISBN 978-3-534-25757-7 , Volume 1, Sp. 947f.
  2. ^ Jan F. Niemeyer, Co van de Kieft: Mediae Latinitatis lexicon minus. = Medieval Latin dictionary. Volume 1: A-L. Edition remaniée by Jan W. J. Burgers. Brill, Leiden et al. 2002, ISBN 90-04-12900-6 , p. 255.
  3. ^ Rudolf Huber (Ed.): Church implements, crosses and reliquaries of the Christian churches. (= Glossarium Artis. Volume 2). KG Saur Verlag, 3rd edition, Munich-London-New York-Paris 1991, ISBN 3-598-11079-0 , p. 62.
  4. ↑ Petrus Dasypodius : Dictionarium latinogermanicum et vice versa germanolatinicum ... , Theodosius Rihel, 5th ed. Strasbourg 1569, Gg VII and Hh I
  5. ↑ Norman Foster: Feasting behind monastery walls. The unknown sources of European culinary art, with 111 recipes from the monastery kitchen. , translated from the American by Sibylle Nabel-Foster, Hamburg 1979, p. 155.
  6. ↑ Johann Amos Comenius : Orbis sensualium pictus ... The visible world, that is all of the foremost world-things and life-activities, training and behavior. Nuremberg 1658, p. 118