Community Health
Community health is a discipline that deals with the health of specific groups and can be viewed as a branch of public health .
object
The focus of the considerations is primarily on prevention, health promotion and the prevailing health care situation of social target groups. The community defines itself as a group of people with common characteristics. These characteristics can include, for example, the commonality of diversity characteristics (age, gender, cultural background or origin), a common living or social space, common work or interests. According to Turnock it says: "a group of people who have common characteristics: communities can be defined by a location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes or common bonds." (German: "A group of people with common characteristics: communities can be defined by common places of residence, origins, ethnicities , a common age group, work, a common interest in specific questions, their solutions or a feeling of togetherness.")
Mc Kenzie et al. define community health as follows: “Community health refers to the health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health.” (German: “Community health refers to the health situation of a certain Group of people, as well as actions and requirements for the promotion, protection and maintenance of their health. ”) The promotion, maintenance or protection of health can be achieved through the creation of suitable (living) conditions and the empowerment (empowerment) of the respective addressed target group happen. Health, in the sense of the constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO), is understood as a state of general physical, mental and social well-being and not just as the absence of illness and ailments.
Involvement of various departments
As an interdisciplinary approach, Community Health combines various disciplines and professions, depending on the prevailing problem. Possible faculties can care research / design, prevention and health promotion , social area orientation , diversity , disability and inclusion , Gerontology , Health Psychology , health communication , health teaching , health policy and health economics to be.
Community Health in Germany
Community health approaches in Germany have so far mainly been found in the form of the US community health assessment in nursing.
An example of the implementation of the community health approach is offered by the EU-funded project CHANCE, which is based on district-related health management and was coordinated by the University of Fulda.
The University of Greifswald has had a Department for Health Care Epidemiology and Community Health since 2002 , which is assigned to the Institute for Community Medicine .
At the University of Health (hsg) in Bochum, the Department of Community Health (DoCH) currently offers the bachelor's degree programs “Health and Diversity” and “Health and Social Space” as well as the master’s degree “Health and Diversity in Work”.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bernard J. Turnock: Public Health: What It Is and How It Works . Jones Bartlett, Boston 2004, pp. 363 .
- ↑ Mc Kenzie et al .: An introduction to community health . Jones and Bartlett, Boston 2011, pp. 7 .
- ^ S. Caesar et al .: Community Health Assessment for Bielefeld . Institute for Nursing Science at Bielefeld University, 2000, ISSN 1435-408X ( uni-bielefeld.de [PDF]).
- ↑ Alexandra Kurka-Wöbking: Community Health Assessment - City of Landshut. How does the city of Landshut provide its older citizens with a (potential) need for help and care? (PDF) 2009, accessed December 22, 2016 .
- ↑ Fulda University of Applied Sciences: CHANCE project. Community Health Management to Enhance Behavior - District-related health management for behavior change . Fulda ( community-health.eu [PDF]).