Coprimorphus scrutator
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Coprimorphus scrutator |
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| ( Autumn , 1783) |
Coprimorphus scrutator is a beetle from the subfamily of the dung beetles (Aphodiinae). In the standard work Freude-Harde-Lohse, Coprimorphus is first mentioned in the supplementary volume and then listed as a subgenus of Aphodius . This genus counts over 80 species for Central Europe alone, which, however, are divided into different genera according to recent findings. The types are easy to mix up, especially since there are many color variations. Even uncoloured specimens make a determination according to picture galleries much more difficult.
The species was first described in autumn 1798 under the name Scarabaeus scrutator . The Latin scrutator means investigator, investigator. Herbst notes: I waited a long time whether I should consider this Scrutator to be a species of its own or the Fimentarius, to which it is so very similar in all respects. But its size, since it is more than twice the size of the Fimentarius, makes it more likely that it is a species of its own . The genus Scarabaeus was split up several times, first by Fabricius. The species was assigned to the genus Aphodius and placed there in the subgenus Coprimorphus . Coprimorphus means " similar to the genus Copris ". The subgenus was raised to the genus that is only represented by Coprimorphus scrutator .
features
With a body length of 10 to 15 millimeters, the beetles are larger than most dung beetles. The head is completely, the pronotum predominantly black, the wings , the belly and the legs are colored red or reddish brown. The head is only slightly arched and only slightly inclined forwards. It has a series of three small bumps with different degrees of development. The round cheeks tower over the eyes . The well-developed head shield is trimmed at the front and slightly edged, its front corners are broadly rounded (Fig. 1). It completely covers the upper lip ( labrum ) and upper jaw ( mandibles ). The mouthparts are small and poorly developed. They are unsuitable for ingesting hard foods. The antennae are nine-parted and end with a three-part club, which appears dull due to the very fine hair. The first antenna segment is longer than the following.
| Images of Coprimorphus scrutator | |
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| Fig. 1: Head shield |
Fig. 4: Detail of pronotum, double dots |
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| Fig. 2: underside | |
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| Fig. 3: Hind tarsus | Fig. 5: Front view |
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| Fig. 6: different views | |
The pronotum (Fig. 5) has no longitudinal furrow. The base of the pronotum is not ciliated, but like the sides of the pronotum, it is clearly set off. The pronotum is double-dotted ; In addition to the rough impressions, there are also very fine punctures (Fig. 4). The rough dots are sparse on the disc. In the male, the pronotum is rounded in behind the front edge. The pronotum is black, its front corners are not red, but lightened to a reddish color (clearly visible in Fig. 5). The reddish color can also extend over the entire side of the pronotum.
The scutellum ( scutellum ) sitting between the wing cover is triangular and not pentagonal. It is strongly pointed, shiny and remarkably long. It lies deeper than the base of the elytra, which cover the end of the body. The base of the wing cover is curved downwards. The wing covers are flattened at the top. They have 10 strong point stripes, whereby the side stripes do not reach the shoulder. The intervals between the stripes are arched and finely dotted.
The underside of the animals is hairy. Six sternites are visible on the abdomen (Fig. 2). The abdominal spiracles lie in the membrane between tergite and sternite. The legs are strong, the front legs are designed as grave legs. The front rails have three teeth on the outer edge. The rear rails are provided with two transverse strips, the rear rail tips have two slim, pointed end spikes and are edged with short bristles of the same length. The tarsi are five-limbed, the first tarsal limb of the hind legs is much longer than the upper end spine of the hind rails and as long as the following tarsal limbs combined (Fig. 3).
Way of life
The females of the heat-loving species lay their eggs mainly in cow dung, which is why the species is classified as stenök . Unlike the dung beetles, the beetles do not dig a passage in the ground into which they put dung as food for the larvae, but the care for the offspring is limited to the selection of a suitable substrate.
distribution
The species is widespread in the Mediterranean region and in Eastern Europe (Pontic-Mediterranean). The northern limit of distribution in Central Europe is in southern Bavaria, where the beetle is very rare and classified as “endangered”. The heat-loving beetles can be found from June to September.
literature
- Carl Gustav Calwer and Gustav Jäger (editors): CG Calwer's Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition
- Heinz joy , Karl Wilhelm Harde , Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 8 . Teredilia Heteromera Lamellicornia . Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1969, ISBN 3-8274-0682-X .
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Coprimorphus scrutator in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 8, 2013
- ↑ Gustav Adolf Lohse, Wilhelm H. Lucht: Die Käfer Mitteleuropas . tape 13 , 2nd supplement volume with catalog section. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-043-1 .
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ CG Jablonska, W. Herbst: Natural system of all known domestic and foreign insects as a continuation of von Büffon's natural history ... Berlin 1789 Description of the scrutator on page 161, quotation on page 163
- ↑ Coprimorphus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 8, 2013
