Critical Realism

Critical Realism is a metatheory of the social sciences or a resulting epistemological approach that was developed in the 1970s by Roy Bhaskar . Although he some things in common with the position of critical realism which is Critical Realism , a separate, close certain philosophical access.

background

Bhaskar's doctoral thesis at Nuffield College , published in 1975 under the title A Realist Theory of Science , is seen as the programmatic beginning of Critical Realism . His doctoral supervisor was Rom Harré.

According to Hans Pühretmayer and Armin Puller, it was Bhaskar's intention to develop a new approach to the philosophy of science that could show "[...] how sciences actually act, how the real process of producing scientific knowledge works."

Basic assumptions

Critical Realism divides reality into three levels:

1. the measurable or empirical , i.e. the conditions that are perceived and can be measured.
2. the real, actual events that occur through mechanisms
3. the real, referring to the mechanisms that generate the events.

Representative

British and Scandinavian scientists in particular have worked out critical realism theoretically and conceptually, developed it further and applied it. Some of the most important representatives are:

• Margaret Archer
• Andrew Collier
• Berth Danermark
• Amber J. Fletcher
• Philip S. Gorski
• Bob Jessop
• Tony Lawson
• Hans Pühretmayer
• Leigh Price
• Andrew Sayer

further reading

• Margaret Archer, Roy Bhaskar, Andrew Collier, T. Lawson, A. Norrie: Critical Realism: Essential Readings. Routledge, London 1998.
• Roy Bhaskar: A Realist Theory of Science. 2nd Edition. Verso, London 1997.
• Roy Bhaskar: The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences. 3. Edition. Routledge, London 1998.
• Roy Bhaskar: Dialectic: The Pulse of Freedom. Verso, London 1993.
• Andrew Collier: Critical Realism: An Introduction to Roy Bhaskar's Philosophy. Verso, London 1994.
• B. Danermark, M. Ekström, Liselotte Jakobs, Jan Ch. Karlsson: Explaining Society: An Introduction to Critical Realism in the Social Sciences. (Critical Realism: Interventions), Routledge, Abingdon 2002.
• J. Frauley (Ed.), F. Pearce (Ed.): Critical Realism and the Social Sciences. University of Toronto Press, Toronto / Buffalo 2007.
• J. Lopez, G. Potter: After Postmodernism: An Introduction to Critical Realism. The Athlone Press, London 2001.
• K. Maton (Ed.), R. Moore (Ed.): Social realism, knowledge and the sociology of education: Coalitions of the mind. Continuum, London 2010.
• A. Sayer: Method in Social Science: A Realist Approach. Routledge, London 1992.
• A. Sayer: Realism and Social Science. Sage, London 2000.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Hans Pühretmayer, Armin Puller: Research Approach IV: Critical Realism. In: univie.ac.at. Retrieved June 22, 2018 . 
2. ^ David Graeber: Roy Bhaskar obituary. December 4, 2014, accessed June 22, 2018 . 
3. ^ Roy Bhaskar: Philosopher whose school of critical realism challenged established ways of thinking about being and knowledge . In: The Independent . ( independent.co.uk [accessed June 22, 2018]).
4. ^ Roy Bhaskar: A Realist Theory of Science . Routledge, London 2008, ISBN 978-0-415-45494-0 .
5. ↑ ^{a b} Hans Pühretmayer. Publications. Archived from the original on July 5, 2010 ; accessed on June 22, 2018 . 
6. ^ ^{A b} Philip S. Gorski: What is Critical Realism? And Why Should You Care? In: Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews . tape 42 , no. 5 , August 30, 2013, ISSN  0094-3061 , p. 658-670 , doi : 10.1177 / 0094306113499533 ( sagepub.com [accessed June 22, 2018]).
7. ↑ Margaret Archer. (No longer available online.) In: CDH.EPFL.ch. Archived from the original on July 10, 2017 ; accessed on June 27, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.