Ctenuchini
| Ctenuchini | ||||||||||||
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Wasp mimicry of the genus Pseudosphex |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Ctenuchini | ||||||||||||
| Kirby , 1837 |
The Ctenuchini are a tribe of the bear moth (Arctiidae) within the order of the butterflies . They include about 2000 species and are mainly distributed in the Neotropical area. Only a few species have so far been recorded from Central Europe. They share the presence of tymbal and tympanic organs (organs for sound generation and perception) with the bear spiders . Their taxonomic position within the bear moth has not yet been fully clarified, which is why some authors treat them as a separate subfamily Ctenuchinae of these.
features
The species of the Ctenuchini form a heterogeneous group of moths ; some are characterized by almost perfect wasp mimicry , others have strikingly shiny metallic scales and some are inconspicuously colored. So far, very little is known about the larval stages and forage plants. Many species are pharmacophageal , i.e. In other words, they take in phytochemicals ( pyrrolizidine alkaloids ) independently of what they eat , in order to increase their own chances of survival and reproduction. The tymbal organs of the Ctenuchini can generate click sounds in the ultrasonic range. Observations on individual species show that the sounds are used both for intra-species communication and to ward off predators ( bats ). However, there are only a few studies.
Types (selection)
- Amata caspia (Staudinger, 1877)
- Similar white-spot ram ( Amata kruegeri ) (Ragusa, 1904) A, CH ?, D
- Amata nigricornis (Alphéraky, 1883)
- White-spot ram ( Amata phegea ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Amata ragazzii (Turati, 1917)
- Brown-spot ram ( Dysauxes ancilla ) (Linnaeus, 1767) A, CH, D
- Hyaline brown ram ( Dysauxes famula ) (Freyer, 1836) A, CH
- Dysauxes punctata (Fabricius, 1781) A, CH
swell
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Vol. 5. Moths, III (Sesiidae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae). Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997. ISBN 3-800-13481-0
- Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 2: Bears, Spinners, Swarmers and Drills in Germany. 2nd, expanded edition. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1964, DNB 452481929 .
- NP Kristensen: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie 4 (35) S. 389ff, Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015704-7
- Bernard Skinner: Color Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles. Viking, London 1998. ISBN 0-670-87978-9
- SJ Weller, RB Simmons, R. Boada & WE Conner: Abdominal Modifications Occurring in Wasp Mimics of the Ctenuchine-Euchromiine Clade (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) . Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93 (4): 920-928, Lanham (Md.), 2000.