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Der (also Dêr , Dêru or Diri ) was a historic city in eastern Mesopotamia that was temporarily the seat of an independent kingdom. It could not be located yet, but was safely in the north-western border region of Elam . It is mentioned in many sources from around 2300 BC. Mentioned BC to the Seleucid period (4th to 1st century BC).

Sargon of Akkad (2340–2284 BC) occupied the city due to Omina , his son Rimuš (2284–2275 BC) captured the priest-king of Dêr and destroyed the city. After about 2005 BC Became independent of Ur by the Third Dynasty , an autonomous king ruled again.

Dêr is later mentioned very often as the border town of Elams. So used Nebuchadnezzar I. of Babylon (1125-1104 v. Chr.) The fortress Deir as a springboard for his campaign against Elam. The rarity of mentions of Dêr's conquests by Assyrian rulers shows how much this city was fought between Assyrians and Elamites. Also the famous battle of 720 BC. Between Humbanigash I of Elam and Marduk-Apla-Iddina II of Babylon on the one hand and Sargon II of Assyria on the other took place here.

Dêr was consecrated to An and was widely regarded as a cultic center.

literature

  • Erich Ebeling, Bruno Meissner et al. (Hrsg.): Reallexikon der Assyriologie (and Near Eastern archeology) . Berlin, Leipzig 1932-2005 (previously 10 vols.)
  • Michael Roaf : Mesopotamia . Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1998.