Dělnické listy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dělnické listy , the first edition from January 5, 1872 (still edited by J. Barák)

Under the (Czech) name Dělnické listy , German worker papers, a number of magazines and papers have appeared after 1872 that are more or less socially and socially democratic or that felt committed to the ideas of the workers' movement . They appeared in Bohemia ( Austro-Hungarian monarchy ) alternatively in Vienna, in Czechoslovakia (or today in the Czech Republic ), but stimulated as a result also as sister projects abroad such as in Argentina and in the United States .

The journals included here that were published in Bohemia (and in Austria or in Czechoslovakia) from the end of the 19th century and abroad include Dělnické listy (with various publishing locations ), Vídeňské dělnické listy , České dělnické listy (and Český dělník ) , in North America then Dělnické listy and Americké Dělnické listy , in South America Dělnické listy , Obrana (successor magazine after the ban) and Československý dělník .

While the foreign sister magazines did not always serve a large readership, the Dělnické listy , which appeared in Prague after 1872 (and later temporarily in Vienna), was one of the most important press products of the Bohemian and Czechoslovak (and during the monarchy also of the Austrian) labor movement.

The Czech labor movement after 1860 (brief summary)

Social Democratic Dělnické listy , Prague, 4th January 1875 edition

After the end of the clerical neo-absolutism of Alexander von Bach , Czech associations, singing and other cultural associations were formed in Bohemia and Austria in the 1860s, which among other things founded schools and educational associations for the Viennese Czechs (for example, the "Komensky School Association" from 1872, still today existing). Increasingly, there were also trade union and workers' associations that began to spread socialist ideas. The "Czechoslovak Workers' Union", founded in 1868, was particularly active here.

A milestone for the emancipation of the workers in the monarchy and also for the Czech workers 'movement was the establishment of the all-Austrian Social Democratic Workers' Party in Neudörfl near Wiener Neustadt in 1874. Of the 74 delegates present there, 10 delegates came from Bohemia (next to Lower Austria the largest contingent of delegates from all crown lands). In 1898 the Czech Social Democracy was founded in Prague ( Českoslovanská sociálně democická strana dělnická ), organized by Josef Boleslav Pecka (who presided over the party congress in Neudörfl) and Ladislav Zápotocký . This party worked within the framework of the entire Austrian social democracy and united Czech workers also in areas outside of Bohemia.

In 1881 the party leadership of the Czech Social Democrats moved from Prague to the capital of Vienna; In 1894 the 4th Congress of Austrian Social Democrats recognized the organizational independence of the Czechoslovak Social Democrats.

Dělnické listy and Vídeňské dělnické listy (Prague / Vienna, 1872–1934)

Social Democratic Dělnické listy , Vienna, May 4, 1914 edition

As early as the mid-1860s, some workers ' newspapers appeared in Bohemia, especially in Prague, such as Dělník (Arbeiter, 1867-71), Český dělník (Czech worker, 1869) or the Catholic Dělnické noviny (workers' newspaper, from the beginning of the 1870s), which were mostly short-lived. The most important political organ of the emerging Czech labor movement and social democracy was the magazine Dělnické listy (workers' papers ). First she appeared in the direction of the liberal party Young Czechs , increasingly she came under the influence of the Social Democrats. The first edition of the Dělnické listy appeared in Prague in January 1872, at that time still under the editorship of the young Czech Josef Barák , but by 1873 Josef Boleslav Pecka (and later Ladislav Zápotocký ) was the decisive force and made the magazine the official organ of the Czech section of the Pan-Austrian Social Democratic Labor Party, from 1878 together with the Budoucnost (future), which appeared every fortnight from 1874 .

In 1881, as a result of increasing repression by the Austrian authorities in Prague, the editorial team was relocated to Vienna (shortly afterwards the party executive was arrested). At that time there were around 70 Czech-language newspapers in Vienna, Dělnické listy were the second oldest Czech newspaper in the city after Vídeňský deník (founded in 1850); from 1900 it appeared as a daily newspaper. In the elections for the National Constituent Assembly in 1919, the then editor-in-chief František Dvořák appeared as the joint candidate of the Viennese Czechs and received a mandate with over 65,000 votes. In 1926 the name was changed to Vídeňské dělnické listy (Wiener Arbeiterblätter). In 1934 it was dissolved along with other social democratic press products. It was later replaced by Vídeňské noviny (Wiener Zeitung) and on Sundays with Vídeňské nedèlní noviny (Wiener Sunday newspaper), which was closed by the National Socialists in 1942.

Circulation numbers

For the Dělnické listy (until 1925) and Vídeňské dělnické listy (from 1930) published in Vienna, there are calculations of the circulation in the years 1900–1933 (figures in thousands):

1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1933
5.3 15th 21st 20th 30th 15.5 15th 14th

Information on the circulation of other magazines mentioned here (or other years, other places of publication) is not available or cannot be compared.

Similar sister and follow-up projects

České dělnické listy (Prague, 1897–1899), Český dělník (Prague, 1897–1899)

After removal of the Česká strana NARODNE sociální (CSN, German Czech People's Socialist Party) from the Česká strana sociálně demokratická (ČSSD, Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party) emerged in 1897 two new magazines as organs of the new party: České Dělnické listy (Czech worker leaves) and Český dělník (Czech worker). They appeared every two weeks in alternation. Both were discontinued in 1899 and later replaced by others.

Dělnické listy (New York / Cleveland, 1893–1898)

The editions of the five volumes of Dělnické listy (Workers ' Papers ), which appeared in New York and Cleveland, were published by the International Workingmen Association of America (Czech: Mezinárodní dělnická jednota v Americe), the US section of the International Workers' Association (also known as known as the First International). The first issue appeared on November 4, 1893, in April 1898 the editorial office moved to Cleveland (Ohio), where the magazine was discontinued in the fall of 1898.

Americké Dělnické listy (Cleveland, 1909–1953)

The Americké Dělnické listy (American Workers Papers ) appeared in Cleveland (Ohio) from 1909. They documented the activities and culture of Czech immigrants in Cleveland, at that time (after Prague, Vienna and Chicago) the fourth largest Czech city in the world. A special focus was on conveying the perspective of Czech socialists, one of the most important groups in the Czech emigre society there. The magazine supported various workers' cooperatives and projects such as schools etc. The main editorial staff were Joseph Martinek and Frank J. Bardoun. The magazine openly campaigned for an independent, free Czechoslovakia and was the first American newspaper to ban Germany from the occupied territories of Czechoslovakia before World War II. After more than 40 years, the magazine was discontinued in 1953.

  • illustration 1

  • Figure 2

  • Figure 1: Dělnické listy (New York / Cleveland, 1893–1898), edition of February 29, 1896 (title page)
  • Figure 2: Americké Dělnické listy (Cleveland, 1909–1953), edition of April 9, 1926 (title page)

Dělnické listy (Buenos Aires, 1926–1932), Obrana, Československý dělník

The magazine Dělnické listy (Workers Papers ), Spanish title Hojas Obreras , with the subtitle "Orgán českých a slovenských dělníků v Jižní Americe" (Organ of Czech and Slovak Workers in South America), was published in Buenos Aires 1926–1932. The paper, which was oriented to the left to pro-communist, appeared weekly (later irregularly) and contained Czech and Slovak texts on the labor movement in Argentina and around the world. Josief Jániš and Andres Homola were responsible for the editorial team. The editor was the Dělnické sdružení v Buenos Aires (Workers' Union Buenos Aires). Because of communist propaganda, the paper's permission to be shipped to Czechoslovakia was withdrawn in 1927, and in 1931 it was temporarily suspended by the police, then in 1932 the paper was disbanded and appeared under the new name Obrana .

The successor magazine Obrana (Defense), Spanish title La Defenza, appeared fortnightly from autumn 1932 to October 1936 under the same publisher, who was published in 1936 by Svaz Čsl. Robotníkov v Buenos Aires changed the editorial team consisting of Andres Homola and later Jiří Vlček.

The fortnightly magazine Československý dělník (Czechoslovakian Workers), Spanish title El Obrero Checoslovaco , which appeared in Buenos Aires in 1927 with only seven issues under the editorship of Josef Trojánek, was not identical to the two magazines mentioned here. It was increasingly oriented towards the problems of the Czechoslovak community in general and was united in the same year with the magazine Jihoameričan (South American), Spanish title Organo de los Checoslovacos en Sud America .

  • Figure 3

  • Figure 4

  • Figure 5

  • Figure 3: Dělnické listy (Buenos Aires / Argentina, 1926–1932), edition of April 28, 1927 (excerpt from the title page)
  • Figure 4: Obrana (Buenos Aires / Argentina, 1932–1936), edition dated December 31, 1932 (excerpt from the title page)
  • Figure 5: Československý dělník (Buenos Aires / Argentina, 1927), issue of September 10, 1927 (excerpt from the title page)

Dělnické listy (DSSS, Prague, from 2003)

The populist and right-wing radical party Dělnická strana (DS, Workers' Party), founded in 2003, published the quarterly magazine Dělnické listy . After the party was banned for "endangering democracy", the magazine was continued by the successor party Dělnická strana sociální spravedlnosti (DSSS, Workers' Party for Social Justice), founded in 2004 . In both cases the editors tried to give the impression of continuity: their magazine was a continuation of the Dělnické listy magazine from 1872. This is disputed in the available literature.

In its editions, the magazine also vigorously propagates the goals and demands that are anchored in the party program of DS and DSSS: a ban on immigrants, a ban on homosexual marriages, the introduction of the death penalty, etc.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The way in which the figures were determined is explained in the introductory source.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Czechs in Vienna , documentation of the portal dasrotewien.at, web lexicon of the Viennese social democracy (SPÖ), online at: dasrotewien.at/...wien
  2. ↑ a b c Sociální democé v pátek oslaví 138. výročí založení! , Consideration on the 138th anniversary of the establishment of the Czechoslovak Social Democracy, portal of the Česká strana sociálně democická (Czech Social Democratic Party, ČSSD), online at: cssd.cz / ...
  3. ↑ Pecka, Josef Boleslav; Ps. Pecka Strahovský (1849-1896), journalist and politician , short curriculum vitae of the Institute for Modern and Contemporary History Research, Austrian Biographical Lexicon, online at: biographien.ac.at / ...
  4. ↑ About freedom and bread. History of the Burgenland labor movement from its beginnings to 1945 , Eisenstadt 1984, cited above. after: 1874 - founding party congress of the Austrian Social Democracy in Neudörfl , Portal Atlas Burgenland.at, online at: atlas-burgenland.at / ...
  5. ^ Neudörfl, party conference 1874 , documentation of the portal dasrotewien.at, web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy (SPÖ), online at: dasrotewien.at/...1874
  6. ↑ a b c d Petr Bednařík, Jan Jirák, Barbara Köpplová: Dějiny českých médií. Od počátku do současnosti , Grada Publishing, 2011, ISBN 8024730286 , online at: books.google.de/ , pp. 119 and 148
  7. ↑ a b Czechoslovak Socialist Party of Austria , documentation of the portal dasrotewien.at, web lexicon of the Viennese social democracy (SPÖ), online at: dasrotewien.at/...oesterreichs
  8. ↑ Gabriele Melischek, Josef Seethaler: Circulation numbers of the Viennese daily newspapers 1895-1933 in source-critical processing , working reports of the Commission for Historical Press Documentation No. 1, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2001, online at: www.oeaw.ac.at / ...
  9. ↑ Dělnické listy , short description of a page with digitized reprints, online at: digitalniknihovna.cz / ...
  10. ↑ Americké Dělnické Listy (American Workingmen's News) , Report of the Ohio Memory, a product of the Ohio History Connection and the State Library of Ohio, online at: cdm16007.contentdm.oclc.org / ...
  11. ↑ Dělnické listy , brief overview of the LaMigrace portal of Charles University in Prague, online at: lamigrace.ff.cuni.cz/.../delnicke-listy (with some facsimiles)
  12. ↑ Obrana (La Defenza) , brief overview of the LaMigrace portal of Charles University in Prague, online at: lamigrace.ff.cuni.cz/.../obrana/ (with some facsimiles)
  13. ↑ Československý dělník , brief overview of the LaMigrace portal of Charles University in Prague, online at: lamigrace.ff.cuni.cz/.../ceskoslovensky-delnik (with some facsimiles)
  14. ↑ Tomáš Baierl: Analýza textů zveřejněných v Dělnických listech od roku 2003 do současnosti , Charles University, Prague 2013, online at: is.cuni.cz / ...
  15. ↑ Antonin Haka: Dělnická strana sociální spravedlnosti: postoj k systému , in: Politické vedy, ed magazine. from the Faculty of Political Science and International Relations, Matej Bel University Banská Bystrica, issue 1/2016, pp. 224–260, ISSN 1335-2741, online at: www.politickevedy.fpvmv.umb.sk / ...
  16. ↑ DĚLNICKÁ STRANA sociální spravedlnosti , party program, online (archived) at: web.archive.org / ...

Web links

Archives, scans, and digitized editions of the newspapers / magazines discussed in this article:

  • Dělnické listy (Prague / Vienna), years 1914–1918, digitized on ANNO (Austrian National Library), online at: anno.onb.ac.at / ...
  • Dělnické listy (Prague / Vienna), volumes 1872–1876, digitized on Kramerius (National Library of the Czech Republic), online at: kramerius.nkp.cz / ...
  • Dělnické listy (New York / Cleveland), years 1893–1898, digitized in the digital library of the National Museum, online at: digitalniknihovna.cz / ...
  • Americké Dělnické Listy (Cleveland), years 1918–1941, digitized (with OCR text) on Ohio History Connection and the State Library of Ohio, online at: cdm16007.contentdm.oclc.org / ...
  • Dělnické listy (Buenos Aires), scans of selected pages, online at: lamigrace.ff.cuni.cz/...listy
  • Obrana (Buenos Aires), scans of individual selected pages, online at: lamigrace.ff.cuni.cz/...obrana
  • Československý dělník (Buenos Aires), scans of selected pages, online at: lamigrace.ff.cuni.cz/...delnik
  • Dělnické listy (Prague, from 2003), publisher Dělnická strana (DS), archive of the years 2008–2010, online at: delnicka-strana.cz / ...
  • Dělnické listy (Prague, from 2003), publisher Dělnická strany sociální spravedlnosti (DSSS), archive of the years 2010–2017, online at: www.delnickelisty.cz / ...