Daiza

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Statue of a Guze Kannon on a simple Renge-za

Daiza ( Japanese 台 座 , Kyūjitai : 臺 座 ) is the Japanese name for a pedestal or pedestal, primarily for setting up Buddha statues . In connection with the consecration of Buddha statues in particular, a distinction is made between different base shapes. The base shapes depend on the one hand on the type of Buddha statue for which they are intended, and on the other hand on the epoch in which they were created.

to form

The following base shapes are arranged alphabetically.

  • Chōjū-za ( 鳥 獣 座 ) / Kinjū-za ( 禽 獣 座 ) / Shiga-za ( 四 鵞 座 ): is a pedestal in the shape of a bird or wild animal. According to iconographic representations, deities used animals to move. Either the deity sits directly on the animal pedestal or there is a lotus leaf between the deity and the animal body.
  • Daibutsu-za ( 大 仏 座 ): is a form of Renge-za that is used for Daibutsu , very large Buddha statues.
  • Iwa-za ( 岩 座 , stone base ) / Banjaku-za ( 盤石 座 , rock base ): is a general name for a stone pedestal, which is mostly used for statues of guardians and protective deities (Myōō). There are two basic shapes: a simple stone or rock on the one hand and a rectangular shape with a wooden border on the other. A shape that also belongs to the stone pedestal is the Shitsushitsu-za.
  • Kamachi-za ( 框 座 ): The eponymous character kamachi ( 框 ) literally means frame. The name goes back to the custom of using old window frames as the base of a plinth. Usually two kamachi levels, an upper and a lower level, are used, connected by a stair-like step between them. The kamachi do not necessarily have to be rectangular; they often also have a hexagonal, octagonal or round shape.
  • Kayō-za / Kashō-za ( 荷葉 座 ): denotes a base shape that resembles a bell-shaped inverted lotus leaf, the edges of which are bent at the base and form a small indentation. This socket shape, which came to Japan with esoteric Buddhism in the 9th century, was used for heavenly creatures.
  • Kumo-za / Kashō-za ( 雲 座 ): is a combination of Renge-za and a base in the shape of clouds. This base shape was used many times in the Heian period .
  • Mokake-za ( 裳 懸 座 ): denotes a usually rectangular base that is hidden by the hanging robe of the statue that wears it. The part of the robe that appears to hang over the base is also part of the base and not the statue. The first examples of this base shape can be found in China as early as the 5th century.
  • Raiban-za ( 礼 盤 座 ): is a wooden pedestal that is attached over the seat of an abbot and therefore suggests the shielding function of a canopy.
  • Renge-za ( 蓮華 座 , for example lotus blossom pedestal ): describes the most frequently used base in the form of a blooming lotus blossom, as a symbol of the flawlessness of the Bosatsu , whose image the base carries. In its complex design, this form of the base consists of three parts: a base for the base, a column-like intermediate piece and a lotus blossom as the crowning conclusion and platform for the statue.
  • Seirei-za / Shōryō-za ( 生 霊 座 ): is a base shape that is combined from Renge-za as a substructure and an animal or the representation of a demon ( 邪鬼 , jaki ).
  • Senji-za ( 宣 字 座 ) / Shumi-za ( 須弥座 ): is a composite base consisting of two rectangular plates of different sizes, with a box-shaped column in between. The structure of the base is reminiscent of the eponymous character 宣 . This base shape was mainly in use from the 7th to 9th centuries. The alternative name Shumi-za has its origin in the similarity of the base shape with the holy mountain Shumizen ( 須弥 山 ), which forms the center of the world.
  • Shitsushitsu-za ( 瑟 々 座 ): This form is mostly used for the deity Fudō Myōō .
  • Suhama-za ( 洲 浜 座 ): refers to a platform in the shape of a sandbar. Characteristic of this plinth, which belongs to the stone plinths (iwa-za), is a flat surface and natural-looking, wave-shaped sides. This base shape was used for monks and heavenly beings in the 8th and 9th centuries.
  • Tō-za ( 榻 座 ): is a cylindrical base that is often used for statues in the semi-lotus seat ( 半 跏趺 座 , hanka fuza ). If the robe of the statue also covers the base, then one speaks of a mokake-za. The most vivid examples come from the 7th century.

In a broader sense, early forms of the chair also belong to the Daiza. For example the kyokuroku ( 曲 禄 , literally: curved wood ) popular in Zen Buddhism . A distinction is made between foldable and fixed chairs, the latter usually with four feet.

literature

  • 臺 座 . In: Noma Seiroku野 間 清 六, Tani Shin'ichi谷 信 一(Ed.):日本 美術 辞典 (Lexicon of Japanese Art). 14th edition. Tōkyodō, Tokyo 1959,pp. 393 .
  • Moriya Masahiko et alii (eds.): 日本 美術 図 解事 典 ( Image dictionary of Japanese art) . Tokyo Bijutsu, Tokyo 2012, ISBN 978-4-8087-0939-6 , pp. 137 .

Web links

  • daiza 台 座 . JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net System, 2001, accessed July 7, 2014 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 仏 像 の 基本 形 (basic forms of Buddhist statues). September 3, 2009, accessed on July 7, 2014 (Japanese, with illustrations of Buddhist iconography. Base shapes in the penultimate illustration on the page).
  2. ↑ choujuuza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  3. ↑ daibutsuza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  4. ↑ iwaza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  5. ↑ kamachiza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  6. ↑ kayouza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  7. ↑ kumoza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  8. ↑ mokakeza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  9. ↑ 座 釈 迦 柘 植 裳 懸 座 仏 像 (Shakyamuni boxwood mokake-za). 稲 田 法輪 堂 , accessed September 29, 2019 (Japanese, see illustration of a Shakyamuni made of boxwood.).
  10. ↑ tengai. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  11. ↑ rengeza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  12. ↑ 「仏 像 の 見方 そ の 3」 の 記事 へ (Three Aspects of Buddhist Statues). March 6, 2012, accessed on July 7, 2014 (Japanese, illustration of a Renge-za with a legend for the individual components.).
  13. ↑ 生 霊 座 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved July 7, 2014 (Japanese).
  14. ↑ senjiza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  15. ↑ daiza 台 座 . JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net System, 2001, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  16. ↑ shitsushitsuza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  17. ↑ suhama. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .
  18. ↑ touza. JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed July 7, 2014 .