Dark pattern

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A dark pattern is a user interface design that is carefully designed to induce a user to perform certain activities that are contrary to their interests. Dark patterns belong to the anti-patterns , but are often used deliberately.

Dark Patterns is based on the knowledge that the purchase of a product does not only depend on rational factors, but above all on the emotional or conditioned reaction of the user. Dark patterns are often in a legal gray area and are in part - depending on the respective legislation - prohibited by law in the interests of consumer protection .

The term “dark pattern” was coined by usability expert and web designer Harry Brignull . In November 2019, the Office for Technology Assessment at the German Bundestag described Dark Pattern as "unethical, sometimes unfair and possibly fraudulent." According to the New Responsibility Foundation , dark patterns have an impact on privacy, consumer protection, platform regulation, competition policy and the protection of minors.

Examples of dark patterns

Bait and switch
With bait and switch ( e.g. bait and switch ) the user tries to perform an action, but another - not expected - action is performed.
Disguised Ads
With Disguised Ads ( camouflaged advertising ), advertising is displayed as the content of the page or the navigation guide in order to get the user to click on it.
Cookie consent tricking
A design used in connection with obtaining user consent that makes it less likely that tracking will be rejected.
Faraway Bill
A Faraway Bill (about: faraway bill ) is a bill that can be viewed online only. Because the user forgets it due to a missing physical medium or cannot find it due to complicated menu navigation, the user cannot react to unexpected invoice amounts.
Forced Continuity
A Forced Continuity ( forced continuity ) occurs when a time-limited (free) subscription - for the user to enter their payment data must - be automatically renewed. In this case, the user is not sent a reminder that the subscription is being extended or no easy way is provided to cancel the subscription.
Forced Disclosure
With forced disclosure , the user is tricked into revealing personal information that is not required for the actual transaction for a free or cheap offer. The data can then be sold to third-party providers, for example for advertising purposes.
Friend Spam
With Friend Spam ( friends-Spam ) is the user under a pretext to his access (with the password anti-pattern or OAuth ) for his e-mail -Account or social network platform demand. This enables the platform that receives the access data to send spam on behalf of the user to their contacts.
Hidden costs
( hidden costs ) are costs that are only displayed in the last step of the order. This includes delivery costs, taxes and the like.
Misdirection
In a Misdirection ( misdirection ), the user's attention is drawn from a content to another.
Price Comparison Prevention
At a Price Comparison Prevention ( Compare Prevention ) is hiding a product of the price to an effective price comparison to prevent products.
Privacy Zuckering
The Privacy Zuckering is that of an expression Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) as a criticism of the confusing for the user privacy settings of Facebook after its CEO Mark Zuckerberg was named.

"Needed: A new word that means 'deliberately confusing jargon and user-interfaces which trick users into sharing more info than they want to'"

"Requires: A new word that means" Intentionally confusing wording and user interfaces that lead users to share more information than they want ""

- Electronic Frontier Foundation
Roach Motel ( Obstruction )
( Cockroach - motel ) describes a collective term for patterns that lead the user to simply get into a certain situation, but make it difficult for the user to get out of this situation again if he does not want this situation.
Road block
A roadblock ( road blockade ) is to end an object or a process that prevents the user from a specific task.
Sneak into basket
In sneak into the basket ( in the cart sneak ) the user is trying to buy a particular product. However, the application adds further products to the shopping cart, mostly due to an unselected opt-out option.
Trick Questions
Trick Questions ( trick question ) can be used to bring the user to answer a question in a way that would respond to the user upon closer reading different. This pattern is based on the fact that users do not read the text exactly, just "scan" it.

See also

literature

  • BJ Fogg: Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do. Morgan Kaufmann, 2003, ISBN 978-1-55860-643-2 (English).
  • Robert B. Cialdini: Influence: The Psychology of Persuation . HarperBusiness, 2006, ISBN 978-0-06-124189-5 (English).
  • Bryan Eisenberg: Call to Action: Secret Formulas to Improve Online Results . Thomas Nelson, 2010, ISBN 978-0-7852-1965-1 (English).
  • Richard H. Thaler, Cass R. Sunstein: Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness . Penguin, 2009, ISBN 978-0-14-104001-1 (English).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Harry Brignull: Dark Patterns Library. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  2. ↑ Harry Brignull: Dark Patterns: dirty tricks designers use to make people do stuff. 90 Percent of Everything, July 8, 2010, accessed May 13, 2013 .
  3. ^ Stefan Krempl: "Sticky" apps: Bundestag study criticizes psychological tricks by developers. heise online , January 8, 2020, accessed on January 9, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Christoph Bogenstahl: Dark Patterns - Mechanisms of (de) deceptive Internet design . Ed .: Office for Technology Assessment at the German Bundestag . Short topic profile no. November 30 , 2019 ( tab-beim-bundestag.de [PDF; accessed January 9, 2020]).
  5. ↑ Dark Patterns: Design with Social Side Effects. New Responsibility Foundation , May 13, 2020, accessed on May 17, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Harry Brignull: Bait and Switch. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  7. ↑ Harry Brignull: Disguised Ads. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  8. ↑ Cookie consent tools are being used to undermine EU privacy rules, study suggests. In: TechCrunch. Retrieved January 15, 2020 (American English).
  9. ↑ Harry Brignull: Faraway Bill. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  10. ↑ Harry Brignull: Forced continuity. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  11. ↑ Harry Brignull: Forced Disclosure. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  12. ↑ Harry Brignull: Friend Spam. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Harry Brignull: Hidden Costs. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  14. ↑ Harry Brignull: Misdirection. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  15. ↑ Harry Brignull: Price Comparison Prevention. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  16. ↑ Harry Brignull: Privacy Zuckering. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  17. ^ Tim Jones: Facebook's "Evil Interfaces". In: EFF Blog. Electronic Frontier Foundation , April 29, 2010, accessed March 31, 2013 .
  18. ↑ Electronic Frontier Foundation : EFF Twitter Status. In: Twitter . April 27, 2010, accessed March 31, 2013 .
  19. ↑ Harry Brignull: Roach Motel. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  20. ↑ Harry Brignull: Road Block. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  21. ↑ Harry Brignull: Sneak into Basket. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  22. ↑ Harry Brignull: Trick Questions. Retrieved March 31, 2013 .
  23. ↑ Steve Krug: We don't read pages. We scan them. Sensitive, accessed March 31, 2013 .
  24. ↑ Steve Krug: Don't Make Me Think !: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability . New Riders, 2005, ISBN 978-0-321-34475-5 (English).