Defensive
In the old confederation, the agreements between the estates (today's cantons) for the military defense against common enemies, which were concluded in the Thirty Years' War and in the Austrian Turkish War of 1664 and which were conjured up only once in the first coalition war in 1792, namely the federal defensive , were referred to as defensionals in the old confederation von Wil (1647) and that of Baden (1668).
It provided for a joint council of war and troop withdrawals. In this way, the towns specified the main content of the old leagues, the Sempacher Letter and the Stans Convention , namely mutual military aid, about the nature and extent of which differences of opinion arose over time; not only due to the changes in warfare and weapons technology, but also by the diverging religious and thus inextricably linked powerless and unable political interests.
Efforts to create a defensive approach during the Thirty Years' War among the Protestant towns failed due to the different geopolitical interests of the Reformed estates in Bern, Zurich, Basel and Schaffhausen. It was not until the end of the war that threatened both religious parties and the common subject areas that ultimately led to Wil's defension. The places of the endangered religion stood up for border protection, while the others, whose foreign co-religionists violated borders, behaved passively. But no sooner was the threat over than interest in the defensive flagged and it was canceled by the Catholic towns, with the exception of Lucerne .
literature
- Handbook of Swiss History. Volume 1.Report House, Zurich 1972, ISBN 3-85572-002-9 , p. 638 f.
- Norbert Domeisen: Swiss constitutional history, philosophy of history and ideology. An investigation into the interpretation of the constitutional history of the Swiss Confederation from the end of the 15th to the end of the 18th century by national historiography. Bern 1978; on-line
- Georges Grosjean : Bern's share in the Protestant and federal defensive in the 17th century. Stämpfli, Bern 1953 (Bern, University, dissertation, 1953).
Web links
- Benoît de Montmollin: Defensional Orders. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- The Defensionale von Wyl on the Zeitstrasse from Basel 24. – 25. September 2011