Desubstantivation
The Desubstantivierung (also: Denominalisierung , Noun derivation and denominal derivative ) is a type of Derivation in which nouns means of affixation and / or conversion are converted to other types of words, and forms the opposite Substantivierung . The resulting word form is called the desubstantivum (also: denominative in the younger, narrower sense). Examples of Desubstantiva are dream-stick , stone-ren , fairy-way , asphalt-ming and mature-be .
Desubstantivation in the German language
Verbs from nouns
Verbs are desubstantivated by means of suffixation or conversion. In suffixation, the vowels a, o and u in the noun stem are changed . Suffixes that convert nouns into verbs are: -il , -ir and -ig , as well as the foreign suffixes -ier , -if, and -isier . There is also the circumfigation that surrounds the noun. Then there is a combined prefiguring and conversion, here you have to pay attention to whether the verb is separable .
Examples:
- crucify (to the noun Kreuz with the suffix -ig)
- archive (to noun archive with suffix -ier)
- to act (to the noun actor , converted by conversion )
- populate (to the noun Volk , surrounded by prefix be and suffix -er and -n, also with umlaut)
- bridge (to the noun bridge with the prefix über- and conversion)
Adjectives made from nouns
Adjectives can be desubstantivated with suffixation and conversion ( adjectivation ). The suffixes -en , -erig , -ern , -haft , -ig , -isch , -lich , -los , -mit , -sam and -sch are the most common suffixes, they do not require umlaut, in contrast to can the suffixes -erig , -ern , -ig , -isch and -lich require an umlaut. There are also foreign suffixes, such as B. -al . They usually only combine with foreign words. The suffixes -haft , -los and -mäßig require joint element , such as -s or -en- . Often the derivatives are multi-part and consist of an adjective and a noun or two nouns.
Examples:
- happy (to the noun luck with suffix -lich)
- random (to the noun random with suffix -ig, also with umlaut)
- atomic (to the noun atom with foreign suffix -ar)
- childless (to the noun child with suffix -los and fugue element -er-)
- delicate (to the noun Glied with the suffix -ig, a multipart derivation with an adjective)
Adverbs from nouns
Adverbs can be formed by a suffix (e.g. -s or -mal ) or by a conversion from nouns. Suffixes in a direct suffixation, in which the suffix is connected directly to the noun stem , are: -halber , -lings , -mal , -s , -seits , -wärts and -weise . The suffixes -halber and method of payment while still the linking element is -s inserted. There are also suffixes with the plural form of nouns connect as -halber , times and method of payment . During the conversion, nothing in the word changes except the lower case at the beginning.
Examples:
- lawful (for substantive law with suffix -ens)
- for example (for the noun example with the suffix -weise and the joint element -s-)
swell
- Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler-Lexikon Sprach , 2000
- Noun derivation at Canoonet
