The free-spirited one
Der Freymüthige was a magazine that was published from 1782 to 1787 by Johann Kaspar Ruef , Matthias Dannenmayer and Josef Anton Sauter . The monthly from a society in Freyburg im Breisgau appeared in Ulm and Freiburg, by Johann Conrad Wohler . By the time the publication was discontinued in 1787, four volumes and three supplements had been published.
All three editors were members of the Order of Illuminati and the Freiburg Freemason Lodge, founded in 1784, Zur noble Aussicht .
content
Each issue of the magazine consisted of four articles, which were written about in the first issue of January 1782: The first article contained ordinances for the sovereigns, especially those that concern either religion and the church, or scholarship, schools and education. The second article is devoted to brief treatises on various important and interesting subjects. Most of these essays will be my own elaborations, which aim to disseminate non-profit truths that are misunderstood by the great crowd or at least never taken to heart, to dispute harmful prejudices, superstitious follies and abuses, to make philanthropy and tolerance more general among our fellow citizens, and to contribute as much as possible to the clarification of the mind and to the improvement of the heart and the morals in our fatherland ... The third article is intended for reviews of new, especially those writings which have a closer relationship to the school and church system .. In the fourth article there will be learned news from universities, from German and Latin schools, from libraries, from teachers and school supervisors, from the type of teaching and its improvements, from promotions, deaths, etc ...
Josephin alignment
The philosophically liberal monthly was written entirely in the Josephinist spirit. Most of the contributions came from the pen of Ruef and were initially so popular at the Viennese court that Emperor Joseph ordered that the professors concerned be given the utmost satisfaction . In the distant Göttingen, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg judged : According to current times, the Freymüthige alone is worth a university .
By 1787 at the latest, however, the frank tone of the bold turned the authorities so badly that Ruef discontinued the magazine. In particular, the abbot of St. Peter Philipp Jakob Steyrer defended the dogmas of the Church, monasticism and celibacy against the sometimes polemical attacks in three writings from 1785 to 1787 in the journal Der Freymüthige . From 1788, as a continuation of his enlightenment efforts, Ruef published the purely theologically oriented Freiburg contributions for the promotion of the oldest Christianity and the newest philosophy , which, however, were only considered in religious circles.
Individual evidence
- ^ Members of the Illuminati Order - Illuminati Wiki. Retrieved June 29, 2019 .
- ^ Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
- ^ Johann Friedrich von Schulte: Ruef, Johann Kaspar Adam . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 587 f.
- ^ Fritz Baumgarten, Freiburg im Breisgau, The German Universities, Volume I, Verlag Dr. Wedekind, Berlin 1907, page 82
- ^ Franz Kern: Philipp Jakob Steyrer, 1749–1795 abbot of the Benedictine monastery of St. Peter in the Black Forest. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. Volume 79, 1959, pp. 1–234 http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/5651/pdf/Freiburger_Dioezesan_Archiv_Band_79_1959.pdf
- ^ Ernst Zimmermann, General Church Newspaper. An archive for the latest history and statistics of the Christian Church, first volume, printed and published by Karl Wilhelm Leske, No 19, 1837, page 150