The tailor of Ulm (poem)

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The ballad Der Schneider von Ulm is a poem by the German playwright and poet Bertolt Brecht . The work of exile literature from 1934 was published in 1937 as Ulm 1592 in the volume Svendborger Gedichte . The poet included it under the same title in his calendar stories in 1949 . Brecht dates the historically guaranteed event about the unsuccessful attempt to fly by master tailor Albrecht Ludwig Berblinger to the year 1592 and assigns the proverbial tailor from Ulm to an unnamed bishop as an antagonist . In the poem, the flight from the minster ends fatally.

background

In 1811, master tailor Albrecht Ludwig Berblinger's attempt to fly to reach the opposite bank of the Danube with self-made wings from a scaffold failed. Originally, he wanted to start from the city's cathedral. The aviation pioneer fell into the water and was henceforth socially ostracized as a con man.

shape

The poem consists of two stanzas with eleven verses each. According to Jan Knopf , the form of the poem is based on children's songs. The text is structured rhythmically, a continuous meter such as the use of the end rhyme is largely dispensed with. Exceptions are in verses three and six (mach-Dach) such as four and five (things swing) or 14 and 17 (Hatz-Kirchenplatz) as well as 15 and 16 (chopped up). The dialectical structure of the poem is striking: in the first stanza the bold striving of the tailor and his ascent are contrasted with the rejection of the bishop, while in the second the testimony of the fatal outcome of the experiment is confronted with the apparently confirmed rejection. The apodictic statement of the bishop about the impossibility of flying on the part of the people closes the two stanzas, whereby the attitude of the clergyman is affirmed by the means of repetition, but thereby reveals itself as a greater error, since it ultimately emerges through the successful history of aviation has been refuted.

Dating

Klaus-Detlef Müller sees the dating of the event in the early modern period as being due to the cyclical structure of the work, because before the poem there is the story about the natural scientist Francis Bacon ( The Experiment ), then that about Giordano Bruno ( The Heretic's Coat ). Jan Knopf objects that the subtitle Ulm 1592 already existed in 1934, when the poem was not yet related to the story volume. According to Gerhard Rademacher, Brecht dated the poem back to the year 1592, in the time of Galileo, with "social criticism". Heinrich Kaulen believes that by choosing the year, Brecht would create a “literary genealogy suis generis”, the desperate events such as the conflict between Galileo (1632/33) and Giordano Bruno (arrested in 1592, executed in 1600) with the Inquisition and the centenary of the discovery of America (1492) summarizes. Gerhard Koch interprets the date as a turning point, "that seam of history that leads from the medieval-feudal era to the modern-bourgeois era."

interpretation

According to Peter J. Brenner , Brecht advocates in the song that “historical progress will continue in spite of the evidence”. Gerhard Koch interprets the poem as a "parable of modern man who tries to escape the constraints and restrictions of the Middle Ages." According to Heinrich Kaulen, the poet is free to deal with historical material. Not only at the time of the historical experiment, but as early as 1530, the Protestant city was possibly headed by a Catholic bishop. The experiment was also not demonstrated over the church square. Rather, this is due to the intended opposition between common man and church. With reference to the manuscripts, in which the bishop is still addressed as "Lord" in the first version, Kaulen sees an appreciation of the forgotten aviation pioneer. Furthermore, at the end of the cycle, Brecht wrote the poem Mein Bruder was ein Flieger (1937) in order to undermine a one-sided, technically optimistic position.

reception

On May 12, 1937, Hanns Eisler set the poem to music. The poem was sung by Therese Giehse .

literature

Text output

  • Bertolt Brecht: The tailor from Ulm . In: Svendborger Gedichte . Malik, London 1939.
  • Bertolt Brecht: The tailor from Ulm . In: Svendborger Gedichte . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1979.
  • Bertolt Brecht: The tailor from Ulm . In: Poems in one volume . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-518-02269-5 , p. 645.
  • Bertolt Brecht: Ulm 1592 . In: Calendar Stories . Gebrüder Weiß, Berlin 1949.

Secondary literature

  • Kurt Bräutigam: Modern German ballads ("narrative poems"). Try to interpret them . Moritz Diesterweg Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1968.
  • Günter Dietz: Bertolt Brecht's dialectical poetry (questions of a reading worker, the tailor of Ulm, 1940 VI) . In: Der Deutschunterricht 18, 1966, issue 2, pp. 66–77.
  • Gerhard Koch: The tailor from Ulm - Bertolt Brecht's adaptation of a subject from the history of aviation . In: German Studies in India 5, 1981, pp. 195–206.
  • Hans Schulte: Children's songs from Bertolt Brecht . In: Wirkendes Wort 27, 1977, pp. 149-159.
  • Edgar Neis: We interpret ballads. Materials for understanding classical and modern ballads . Bange, Hollfeld 1968, p. 120.
  • Winfried Woesler: Brecht's children's song the tailor of Ulm (Ulm 1592) . In: Euphorion 85, 1991, pp. 182-191.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Jan Knopf: Brecht Handbook. Poetry, prose, writings. An Aesthetics of Contradictions , Metzler, Stuttgart 1986, p. 3.
  2. ↑ See Klaus-Detlef Müller: Brecht commentary on narrative prose . Winkler, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-538-07029-6 , p. 311.
  3. ↑ See Jan Knopf: Brecht Handbuch. Poetry, prose, writings . Metzler, Stuttgart 1986, p. 300
  4. ^ Gerhard Rademacher: Technology and the industrial world of work in German poetry of the 19th and 20th centuries. Attempt to take stock . In: Europäische Hochschulschriften Vol. 124. Lang, Bern / Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 978-3-261-01629-4 , p. 64.
  5. ^ Heinrich Kaulen: Ulm 1592 . In: Brecht Handbook. Poetry, prose, writings , ed. by Jan Knopf. Metzler, Stuttgart 1986, pp. 262-263.
  6. ^ Gerhard Koch: The tailor from Ulm - Bertolt Brecht's adaptation of a subject from the history of aviation . In: German Studies in India 5 , 1981, p. 202.
  7. ↑ Peter J. Brenner: New German Literature History. From Ackermann to Günter Grass . Gruyter, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-484-10897-4 , p. 275.
  8. ^ Gerhard Koch: The tailor from Ulm - Bertolt Brecht's adaptation of a subject from the history of aviation . In: German Studies in India 5 , 1981, p. 202.
  9. ^ Heinrich Kaulen: Ulm 1592 . In: Brecht Handbook. Poetry, prose, writings , ed. by Jan Knopf. Metzler, Stuttgart 1986, p. 263.
  10. ^ Heinrich Kaulen: Ulm 1592 . In: Brecht Handbook. Poetry, prose, writings , ed. by Jan Knopf. Metzler, Stuttgart 1986, pp. 263-264.
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Conrad u. a .: Brecht's sons. Topographies, biography, work . Lang, Berlin a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-631-58376-0 , p. 102.