Drug extract

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In pharmacy , drug extracts (also known as medicinal extracts or drug extracts ) are preparations that are obtained from pharmaceutical drugs by means of extraction . The term is used regardless of the concentration of a substance in it. Drug extracts can either be used directly as drugs or processed into such.

According to the definition of the European Pharmacopoeia , extracts are “preparations of a liquid, semi-solid or solid nature that are made from usually dried herbal drugs or animal materials” .

history

The first traditional recipes for the manufacture of medicines can be found on the medical tablets of Nippur . Paracelsus describes in his extensive work Paragranum (written around 1529/30 AD) on the threshold of modern times the preparation of medicines.

The historical medicinal wine (e.g. pepsin wine ) is made by extracting drugs with fortified wine .

Usage forms

• If the extract is liquid, one speaks of tinctures or fluid extracts (also liquid extract) (depending on the production form ).
• If the extract is viscous to a residual moisture level of about 4% after the extraction agent has evaporated, it is called spissum extract.

nomenclature

• The term extractum siccum normatum was introduced in order to enable broad and safe use (especially for highly toxic substances such as belladonna or similar) and to simplify the medical prescription . Limits are set for the maximum and minimum content of medicinal ingredients.
• In the medical prescription, the term is found as extr. or extract. prefixed to the name of the corresponding drug. (Example: Extract. Belladonnae 0.02 )
• In homeopathy , the term mother tincture is used synonymously for numerous medicinal substances.

Drug-extract ratio

The drug-extract ratio (DEV), more precisely the “native” drug-extract ratio (DEVnativ), is declared for drug extracts. It indicates the initial amount of drug used to prepare a certain amount of the extract. For a dry extract with a DEV of e.g. B. 10: 1 this means that 1 part of dry extract was obtained from 10 parts of drug, so 100 g of drug was used to prepare 10 g of dry extract. With this number, the dosage of the herbal medicinal product can always be converted to the amount of drug used. This way, different dry extracts of a drug can be compared in their quality and conclusions can be drawn about the enrichment of the ingredients. Depending on the part of the plant used, dry extracts have a DEV of 5 to around 50: 1, fluid extracts (liquid extracts) have a DEV of 1: 1 to 1: 2, thick extracts (viscous extracts) for example 3-6: 1, tinctures and other alcoholic extracts mostly 1: 7 to 1: 9 or 1: 4 to 1: 4.5, depending on the amount of alcohol used to extract the drug.

swell

• H. Schott: The Chronicle of Medicine. Chronik Verlag, Dortmund 1993, ISBN 3-611-00273-9 , pp. 5-23, 137-139.
• H. Schilcher, S. Kammerer: Guide to Phytotherapy. Urban & Fischer Verlag, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-437-55341-0 , pp. 15-19.
• RF White: Textbook of Phytotherapy. Hippokrates Verlag, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-7773-0933-8 , pp. 17-39.