Diffuse emissions

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As fugitive emissions those are issues referred that do not come from a wider source. These include, for example, drifting from heaps and areas, turbulence caused by traffic, emissions from roof turrets and building openings, but also leakage and displacement losses. They occur without defined exhaust gas volume flows. In the 31st BImSchV , the definition of diffuse emissions is narrowed down to the effect that it refers exclusively to volatile organic compounds.

Importance, causes and mitigation

Originally, air pollution control measures aimed at reducing the amount of air pollutants occurring in large quantities , such as B. nitrogen oxides , dust or sulfur dioxide , which were discharged through chimneys, the goal. Diffuse emissions were only of secondary importance in this regard, as they mainly had an impact on the local immission situation. With the improvement of exhaust gas cleaning technology at guided sources, the importance of diffuse sources increased accordingly.

Diffuse emissions can be solid, liquid or gaseous. They arise in particular from leaks, displacement losses and diffusion and evaporation processes. Other causes are undesirable chemical reactions (e.g. in landfills or waste treatment plants) or fluctuations in atmospheric pressure due to the time of day, which are the cause of tank breathing . In animal husbandry facilities, the type of feed given can also have an impact on their emissions.

In contrast to the usual procedure, emission-limiting requirements for diffuse emissions are determined by structural and operational measures. By enclosing selected parts of the system, diffuse emissions can be reduced. The paving of traffic routes is usually a measure to reduce diffuse emissions due to dust turbulence. These can be further reduced by regular cleaning of the traffic routes.

Metrological recording

Diffuse emissions are either recorded directly, for example by attaching measuring equipment to hall openings, or they are determined with the help of tracer gas measurements or dispersion calculations with source term back calculation.

With immission measurements in the vicinity of industrial plants, their diffuse emissions in particular can be recorded.

literature

  • VDI 3790 Part 1: 2015-07 Environmental Meteorology; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Basics (Environmental meteorology; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Fundamentals). Beuth Verlag, Berlin. ( Summary and table of contents online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ VDI 2597: 2004-07 emission reduction; Plants for the production of lead and lead alloys. Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 4.
  2. ^ A b c Franz Joseph Dreyhaupt (Ed.): VDI-Lexikon Umwelttechnik. VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-18-400891-6 , p. 413.
  3. ↑ § 2 Ordinance on limiting emissions of volatile organic compounds when using organic solvents in certain systems (31st BImSchV)
  4. ↑ VDI 4285 sheet 1: 2005-06 Metrological determination of emissions from diffuse sources; Basics (Determination of diffusive emissions by measurement; Basic concepts). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, pp. 4-5.
  5. ↑ VDI 3790 sheet 1: 2015-07 environmental meteorology ; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Basics (Environmental meteorology; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Fundamentals). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 2.
  6. ↑ VDI 3790 sheet 4: 2018-09 environmental meteorology ; Emissions of gases, odors and dusts from diffuse sources; Dust emissions from vehicle movements on commercial / industrial premises (Environmental meteorology; Emission of gases, odors and dusts from diffusive sources; Dust emissions due to vehicle movements on roads not open to the public). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, pp. 4-5.
  7. ↑ VDI 4285 sheet 3: 2015-11 Metrological determination of emissions from diffuse sources; Quantification of diffusive emissions from industrial plants including agricultural sources (Determination of diffusive emissions by measurements; Quantification of diffusive emissions of fine dust from industrial plants including agricultural sources). Beuth Verlag, Berlin, p. 9.
  8. ↑ Dieter Gladtke, Patrick Marschall: Determination of the contributions of diffuse sources to local and regional pollution with immission measurements. In: Hazardous substances - cleanliness. Air . 74, No. 4, 2014, ISSN  0949-8036 , pp. 151-156.