Double attack
A double attack is a means of coercion and therefore a very important tactical motive in chess . It is a simultaneous attack on two points (uncovered or valuable stones, important fields) by the same stone ( fork ) or two stones (if the moving stone simultaneously causes a withdrawal attack ). A special case is castling as an attack move , as in a study by Selesnjow .
Double attacks represent a particular problem for the defense, as it is often not possible to repel both threats with one move.
A stealth double attack is the spit .
Double threat is an approximate synonym for double attack , whereby the term is used more generally - a threat sometimes extends over several moves without specifically speaking of attacks on two different fields.
Examples of a double attack
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- In this position, various forms of double attack are illustrated:
- White to move can impale the black king and rook h8 with 1.Ra8 +.
- White to move can fork the black king and rook h8 with 1. Nf7 +.
- White to move can attack the black king and rook b2 with 1. 0–0–0 + castling.
- Black to move can impale the white king and rook with 1.… Rh1 +.
Game example of a double threat
1930
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Black crowned his victims - a combination with 1.… Rf4 – f5 !! . This threatens equally with Rf5 – g5 and Ne2 – f4 mate, whereas capturing the rook e4xf5 (or Ne3xf5) doesn't help either. White cannot parry both threats at the same time.
Double attack in chess composition
In chess composition , accumulations of double attacks can be represented. Here is a triple statement of a double attack on queen and bishop, combined with multiple queen sacrifice:
1966, 1st praise
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The black bishop has to hold b7 and the black queen d7.
1. Qa3 – f3! attacks the black queen and threatens 2. Qf3xg4 + h5xg4 3. d6 – d7 mate. The white lady is taboo. The black queen has to evade while keeping an eye on d7.
1.… Qg4 – h3 2. Qf3 – f1! Double attack number 1: There is a threat of both 3. Qf1xa6 mate and 3. Qf1xh3 mate. If the queen is taken, the relevant pawn mates follow: 2.… Qh3xf1 3. d6 – d7 mate, 2.… Ba6xf1 3. b6 – b7 mate.
The other two double attacks are exactly the same: 1.… Qg4 – f5 2. Qf3 – d3! and 1.… Qg4 – e6 2. Qf3 – e2!
When a block is used, 1.… Qg4 – d7 2. b6 – b7 +! La6xb7 3. c6xb7 mate. On d7 the queen blocks her king's last escape square.
Multiple threats
It is possible to attack more than two points at the same time. However, this usually does not represent a higher quality, because often the double attack is already sufficiently problematic for the defense, and in the following move only one of the threats can ultimately be carried out. Therefore, the term multiple attack is rarely used. However, there are examples where multiple threats are made and all of them are required.
22nd match game 1986, variant
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Mainly, white threatens matte in three ways:
- (a) 1. Qb8 – f4 + plus mate
- (b) 1. Nf8xg6 Qf5xg6 2. Qb8 – h8 + Qg6 – h7 3. Qg3xg7 #
- (c) like b), 3. Qg3 – g5 #
Black to move could parry with 1.… Bg6 – h7 (b) and (c), but hesitates just one move beyond the end of (a). Otherwise Black would only have the option of protecting points f4, g5 and g7 with the queen d1, but this is impossible. 1.… Qd1 – d2 leaves g7 uncovered and enables (b), 1.… Qd1 – d4 the same with g5 and (c). Therefore, quick mate is inevitable due to the triple threat, but it is also necessary for this.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Herrmann, F. - Hussong, Hugo, Frankfurt, 1930. Herderschach, accessed on August 16, 2015 .
- ↑ Source: Reprinted in Nieuwe Leidsche Courant , May 28, 1977, p. 29, online . See also the proof on the PDB server . The Rautanen anniversary tournament was announced in 1966 for the 75th birthday of the Finnish chess composer Aleksis Rautanen . Orthodox threesomes with any topic were required. The judge was Josef Halumbirek . See Tidskrift för Schack , 4/1966, p. 128, online .
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Hecht , Gerd Treppner: World Chess Championship revenge fight 1986 . Beyer-Verlag 1986. p. 132