Dorsch - Lexicon of Psychology

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DORSCH dictionary or lexicon of psychology, various editions

Dorsch - Lexicon of Psychology (short: "Der Dorsch") is a comprehensive German-language reference work for technical terms in psychology . It is published by Hogrefe Verlag and was available until its 15th edition under the title Psychological Dictionary . Today an online version is offered in addition to the book. The online version offers additional science and orientation functions, such as B. Citation aids (representation of the citation in the American Psychological Association - or German Society for Psychology - citation style), export functions (exports possible for BibTeX , Citavi , EndNote or Mendeley ), watch lists, literature references and filter functions.

history

The foundation stone for cod was laid in 1921 by Fritz Giese (1890–1935), who published the then still modest stock of approx. 2200 psychological terms on 166 pages as a psychological dictionary in the series “Teubner's small specialist dictionary” Volume 7 (Teubner Verlag, Leipzig) . The second edition appeared in 1928, the third edition in 1935.

From the 4th edition (1950) to the 11th edition (1987) the psychological dictionary was edited by Friedrich Dorsch (1896–1987), a former assistant to Giese, and initially under the name * Giese-Dorsch (4th edition) "Dorsch-Giese" (5th edition), then only "Dorsch" published. From the 6th edition the work was also published, from the 9th edition only by Verlag Hans Huber, Bern. The 6th to 8th editions were published by Werner Traxel (1924–2009), the 10th edition (1976) and 11th edition were edited by Rudolf Bergius (1914–2004). From the 6th to the 8th edition there was an appendix: Introduction to the mathematical treatment of psychological problems by Wilhelm Witte (1915–1985).

From the 12th edition (1994) to the 15th edition (2009) Hartmut O. Häcker and Kurt-H. Stapf has taken over the editorial office (13th edition 1998, 14th edition 2004). You were still the advisory editor of the 16th edition. The 15th edition comprised 1266 pages and was created with the collaboration of 15 specialist colleagues. 11,000 keywords, 800 test reports , 145 pages with approx. 5000 literature references on psychology were included. The 12th edition has been translated into Spanish and has already appeared in two editions. The 12th edition was also translated into Portuguese. This has already appeared in three editions.

Current 19th edition (2020)

Since the 16th edition (2013; 17th edition 2014; 18th edition 2017) the Dorsch - Lexicon of Psychology has been published in parallel as a book and internet dictionary under the editorship of MA Wirtz. Today the book offers 24-month access to a premium version of the online portal. A free version of the internet dictionary is available to everyone.

The lexicon contains an alphabetical list of the most important terms (approx. 13,000) in psychology and its related disciplines. The content is organized according to 20 central psychological sub-disciplines, which are systematically processed and presented. It is possible to suggest key words or to submit them with texts.

For each of the sub-disciplines, defining area overviews and a list of central terms are presented at the beginning, which, as so-called TOP keywords, enable an introduction to the central topics and terms of the individual areas. Each sub-area is supervised by area experts, the editing of the individual contributions was carried out by approx. 600 specifically selected experts in psychology.

The processing of the sub-disciplines of psychology is based on the following basic definitions and focuses:

  • Industrial and organizational psychology [area expert: Kh. Sonntag]: deals with the work-related experience and behavior of people in organizations as well as with the interrelationships between working, organizational and market conditions. Context-related science that achieves its knowledge gain and social benefit by researching complex relationships and mechanisms of action in the real world of work. (In particular history, fundamentals and theories; analysis, effect and meaning of work ; design and optimization of work; interaction and behavior in organizations and work contexts; questions relating to personnel psychology)
  • Biological psychology and neuropsychology [field expert: S. Gauggel]: Influence of biological structures and processes (e.g. the central nervous system) on human experience and behavior. Retroactive effect of ps. States and processes on biological structures and functions. While biological psychology includes processes on different levels (e.g. cardiovascular activity, vegetative functions), the neurops concentrates. primarily on the connection between the brain (or central nervous system) and human experience, thinking and behavior. (In particular: basic constructs, theories and research approaches; neurobiological consideration of central systems of information processing; diseases of the central nervous system and forms of neurops. Disorders, bio and neurops. Diagnostics, therapy and rehabilitation)
  • Emotional psychology and motivational psychology [field expert: RM Puca]: deals with the development, manifestation and change of emotions (consisting of subjective experience, behavior and physiological components) as well as their function and physiological basis. Analysis and modeling of goal-oriented behavior (direction, duration and intensity) as well as in particular action regulation (maintenance of goal-oriented behavior and protection against competing behavioral tendencies).
  • Developmental psychology [field experts: G. Schwarzer, S. Walper]: Description and explanation of intra-individual changes in human experience and behavior over the entire lifespan, from prenatal development to death. The aim is a better understanding of development-related changes and, if necessary, their targeted optimization. (In particular the theories of E. and significant mechanisms of change; age-specific characteristics; ontogenetic changes in central functional areas and behavioral characteristics; different developmental aspects; developmental transitions; context factors)
  • Research methods, statistics and evaluation [area expert: N. Döring]: Research methods for obtaining, testing, critical reception and application of reliable knowledge in all ps. Disciplines. Descriptive and inferential analysis methods for the formation and testing of theories and hypotheses. Evaluation of measures or social intervention programs with regard to all significant effects on different affected groups in natural settings.
  • History of psychology [field expert: H. Lück]: Historical development of the changing research field, the academic discipline as well as the professional and activity fields. History of science in terms of progress in research, the development of theory and the change in doctrinal opinions. Formative personalities in psychology.
  • Health psychology and medical psychology [field expert : J. Bengel]: Importance of mental characteristics and processes on human health and illness. Information processing, evaluation and decision-making processes that are important for health-related experience and behavior. Medical psychology as an interdisciplinary subject that extends psychological knowledge, which is important for patient care in the broadest sense, in research and imparted in teaching. (In particular models of health and disease; risk assessment; decision-making; health-related communication; behavioral determinants; prevention).
  • Clinical psychology and psychotherapy [field expert: Franz Petermann]: Research, diagnosis and therapy of all mental disorders in people. Under pS. Not only are the diagnostic terms known to the layperson, such as B. depression, schizophrenia and alcohol addiction, but also mental disorders in somatic diseases, behavioral disorders of childhood and personality disorders. (In particular organizational principles; theoretical approaches and goals; research orientation; forms of disorder; forms of therapy; reference disciplines; professional fields of application; professional policy and legal implications)
  • Cognitive psychology [field expert: J. Funke]: Collective term for all those theories and findings that are intended to explain what enables people to understand their environment and to deal with it sensibly. Cognitive processes are viewed from the perspective of information processing. This includes functional analyzes of the areas of attention, thinking, memory, action, learning, problem solving, language and perception.
  • Media psychology [field expert: M. Huff]: Influence of media (technical systems for the transmission of information) on the experience and behavior of people. Central research fields: media reception (use of media as well as perception and emotional / cognitive processing and effect of media content), media-based (especially computer-mediated) communication, knowledge acquisition with media (individual as well as collaborative and cooperative processes of knowledge acquisition).
  • Educational psychology and educational psychology [field expert: M. Hasselhorn]: Description, explanation and optimization of various educational processes concerned. Assuming continuous and lifelong learning, school contexts (e.g. teaching or teaching processes), extracurricular upbringing and educational processes e.g. B. considered in the family context, in the context of early education and in the context of adult education. (In particular cognitive and motivational prerequisites for learning, teaching and teaching, school assessment and evaluation processes, learning situations and learning environments, performance disorders and prevention and intervention approaches).
  • Personality Psychology and Differential Psychology [field expert: J. Asendorpf]: deals with individual, largely time-stable characteristics of the experience and behavior of people (= their personality). An explicit subdivision into “personality psychology” (as a study of the structure of the human personality and its uniqueness) and “differential psychology” (as a description and explanation of inter-individual differences in different areas of experience and behavior) is not made, because the uniqueness of the personality only through the comparison with other people of the same age becomes clear. (In particular basics and theoretical perspectives of personality; personality areas and fundamental dimensions of inter-individual differences; inter-individual differences, gender differences and personality in a cultural comparison)
  • Philosophy and philosophy of science [field expert: V. Gadenne]: deals with philosophical assumptions, which z. B. Basics of empirical research, the nature of psychological laws, the relationship between mind and brain, the nature of consciousness and free will. Philosophy of science is a sub-discipline of philosophy that deals with the questions of knowledge acquisition in the sciences. (In particular: logic; hypotheses and laws; operationalization; causality; confirmation and falsification; research process)
  • Psychological diagnostics [field expert: F. Petermann]: Is a central applied cross-sectional discipline of PS., Which includes the rule-based collection and processing of specifically collected information that is significant for the description and prognosis of human experience and behavior. The diagnosis of psychological characteristics serves i. d. Usually answering a question and is involved in a decision-making process. (In particular methods and data sources; objectives; forms of diagnostics; quality criteria; over 700 descriptions ps. Test procedures)
  • Psychopharmacology [field expert: G. founder]: deals with the effects of drugs on thinking, mood and actions of people. Neuropharmacology analyzes the effects of drugs on nerve cells. Neuropsychopharmacology integrates both perspectives in that the effects of drugs on nerve cells are researched with the aim of influencing impaired function in the context of mental illnesses. (In particular neuroanatomy, physiology and biochemistry; neurobiology of mental disorders; clinical methods / investigation procedures; (classification of) psychotropic drugs)
  • Legal and forensic psychology [field expert: R. Volbert]: Subject areas that contain an interaction of legal and psychological problems. A psychology in law aims to answer questions of law about the ps. Without the legal goals themselves being the subject of analysis. A psychology of law, on the other hand, subjects law itself to a critical examination under ps. Perspective. Forensic psychology: peer review; Criminal psychology: study of the forms and origins of crimes.
  • Social psychology and communication psychology [field expert: H.-W. Bierhoff]: Social psychology is concerned with understanding and explaining how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. (In particular: self and personality; social motives; social cognition; social attitudes and emotions; social group processes.). Communication is a means of mutual exchange and mutual control. In addition to communication models, motivational, emotional and social aspects are particularly important in terms of communication psychology.
  • Linguistic Psychology [field expert: P. Zwitserlood]: Subarea of ​​cognitive psychology that deals with the description and explanation of the processes and knowledge representations involved in language processing. Most important sub-areas: language production (speaking, writing, signing), language perception (listening, reading), language acquisition and language disorders. Linguistic psychology (usually synonymous: psycholinguistics) differs from general linguistics, which describes the formal structure and units of language.
  • Perceptual psychology [field expert: J. Müsseler]: Sub-area of ​​cognitive psychology that deals with how the information from our physical environment (distal stimulus) is received and cognitively processed by our sensory receptors (proximal stimulus), i.e. how the perception that ours is created Experience and behavior significantly influenced. (In particular elementary encoding processes (early processing); object identification and categorization; movement and depth perception; intermodal integration; perception-action cycle).
  • Business psychology (new from the 17th edition) [area expert: K. Moser]: Topics that do not deal with the production side, but with the consumption side.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Advertisement “Teubner's small specialist dictionaries” for the 1st edition on page 129
  2. ↑ Digitization of the 2nd edition on springer.com
  3. ↑ Friedrich Dorsch in German-speaking psychologists 1933–1945: Uwe Wolfradt (2014) Springer
  4. ↑ History of the cod on https://dorsch.hogrefe.com/