Third plague pandemic
Victims of the epidemic in Manchuria in the winter of 1910/1911 | |
Data | |
---|---|
illness | pest |
Pathogens | Yersinia pestis |
origin | Yunnan ( China ) |
Beginning | 1894 |
The End | 1911 |
Deaths | approx. 12 million |
The third plague pandemic (after the Justinian Plague in the 6th century and the " Black Death " in the 14th century) caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis began in China at the end of the 19th century . It cost around 12 million lives worldwide.
The epidemic first hit Yunnan Province , then Hong Kong . Here, the pathogen was identified in 1894 by the Swiss doctor Alexandre Yersin and the route of transmission explained. The pathogen is named after him. From Hong Kong, the epidemic spread to many parts of the world, including India and the United States . The plague hit Hawaii in 1899 and San Francisco in 1900. At the beginning of the 20th century the plague occurred in the Chinese border region of Manchuria . Another epidemic hit Manchuria in the winter of 1910/1911 , killing around 60,000 people.
Europe was hardly affected by the pandemic. There were fewer than a thousand deaths here, which is attributed to international cooperation and improved medical knowledge.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Medical journal ( online )
- ↑ HM Jettmar: Experiences about the plague in Transbaikalia. In: Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Vol. 97 (January 1923), pp. 322-329.
- ^ Dan C. Cavanaugh, James E. Williams: Plague: Some Ecological Interrelationsships. In: R. Traub, H. Starcke (ed.): Fleas. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fleas. Ashton Wold, Peterborough, UK, June 21-25, 1977. Rotterdam 1980, pp. 245-256, 251.
- ↑ When Europe defeated the plague. In: sueddeutsche.de , July 2, 2019.