Fulani jihad
The Fulbe jihad was a wave of Muslim-motivated armed conflict between the Fulbe and their neighbors in West Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries. As a result, the theocratic Fulani states of Futa Jalon in today's Guinea , Futa Toro in Senegal and the Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria emerged .
The sheikh of the Sufi order (tariqa) of the Qadiriyya , Usman dan Fodio , organized a religious renewal movement among the Fulbe with his brother and son, which he helped to break through through martial jihad . After the successful campaigns of the movement, he organized the various emirates of northern Nigeria under his leadership to form the caliphate of Sokoto, which was only to be destroyed by the colonial conquests of the British at the end of the 19th century .
Part of the jihad was also the founding of the Emirates Adamaua by Modibo Adama .
literature
- Leonhard Harding : Jihad and the beginning of a new era. Uthman dan Fodio and the turning point at the beginning of the 19th century. In: Sven Sellmer, Horst Brinkhaus (Ed.): Turning times. Historical breaks in Asian and African societies. EB-Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-930826-64-X (Asia and Africa. Volume 4), pp. 15-37.
- Christoph Marx: History of Africa. From 1800 to the present. Paderborn 2004, p. 63 f. ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Stephanie Zehnle: Sex and Jihad. About the victim and perpetrator of West Africa's Islamic concubines . In: Philipp Batelka, Michael Weise, Stephanie Zehnle (eds.): Between perpetrators and victims. Violent relationships and violent communities. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2017, pp. 75–106. ISBN 978-3-525-30099-2 .
Web links
- Fulani jihads. In: Willie F. Page, R. Hunt Davis (Eds.): Encyclopedia of African History and Culture. From Conquest to Colonization (1500 to 1850). Volume 3. Facts On File, New York 2005. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. (accessed December 4, 2012).
- The Islamic revolution in the western Sudan. Online edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.
- Rainer Chr. Hennig: Rise and Fall of the Adamawa Emirates.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Fouta Djallon. In: Willie F. Page, R. Hunt Davis (Eds.): Encyclopedia of African History and Culture. From Conquest to Colonization (1500 to 1850). Volume 3. Facts On File, New York 2005. Modern World History Online. Facts On File, Inc. ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Accessed December 3, 2012).
- ↑ Hamza Muhammad Maishanu, Isa Muhammad Maishanu: The Jihād and the Formation of the Sokoto Caliphate . In: Islamic Studies 38: 1 (1999), pp. 119-131 ISSN 0578-8072 ( JSTOR 20837029 ).
- ^ Hugh Anthony Stephens Johnston: The Fulani Empire of Sokoto. Oxford University Press, London / Ibadan / Nairobi 1967.
- ↑ Josef van Ess: Jihad yesterday and today . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-024569-1 , p. 107 (Julius Wellhausen Lecture, no.3).
- ↑ Johnston 1967, Chapter 8: The Jihad in Adamawa and Bauchi .
