Real gophers
| Real gophers | ||||||||||||
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Gold mantle ground burrower |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Marmotini | ||||||||||||
| Pocock , 1923 |
The real ground squirrels (Marmotini) are a tribe of squirrels (Sciuridae), which includes marmots , prairie dogs and ground squirrels .
The following categories are included:
- Antelope pebble ( Ammospermophilus )
- Callospermophilus
- Prairie Dogs ( Cynomys )
- Ictidomys
- Marmots ( marmota )
- Notocitellus
- Otospermophilus
- Poliocitellus
- Ground Squirrel ( Spermophilus )
- Urocitellus
- Xerospermophilus
Under the name Tamiini , the following genres are also viewed by some authors as a separate tribe:
- Chinese red squirrel ( Sciurotamias )
-
Chipmunk ( Tamias ) with the subgenera
- Subgenus Tamias ( striped chipmunk )
- Subgenus Eutamias ( Burunduk )
- Subgenus Neotamias (Chipmunks with 25 species)
Ground squirrels have been fossilized since the Oligocene (genera Protospermophilus and Sinotamias ). Ground squirrels, antelope squirrels and prairie dogs were often compared to the marmots (Untertribus marmotina) as close relatives (Untertribus Spermophilina). In molecular biological and morphological studies in 2007 and 2009 turned out that the internal relationships of the Marmotini have been different than expected. After a comprehensive molecular biological investigation, however, the ground squirrel was divided into a total of eight genera, which correspond to the former subgenera, since the original summary of the marmots ( Marmota ), the antelope peas ( Ammospermophilus ) and the prairie dogs ( Cynomys ) is paraphyletic and these groups are therefore not paraphyletic form common taxon . Only the Palearctic species of the former subgenus Spermophilus from Eurasia remained in the genus Spermophilus .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Kristofer M. Helgen, F. Russell Cole, Lauren E. Helgen, Don E. Wilson: Generic Revision in the holarctic ground squirrels genus Spermophilus. Journal of Mammalogy 90 (2), 2009; Pp. 270-305. doi : 10.1644 / 07-MAMM-A-309.1
- ↑ Matthew D. Herron, Todd A. Castoe, Christopher L. Parkinson: Sciurid phylogeny and the paraphyly of holarctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31, 2004; Pp. 1015-1030. ( Full text , PMID 15120398 )
literature
- Michael D. Carleton, Guy G. Musser: Order Rodentia. In: Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Volume 2. 3rd edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 , pp. 745-1600.
