Electrospinning

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Under electrospinning refers to the manufacture of endless nanofibers , nanowires and nanotubes from solutions , suspensions or melts taking advantage of a strong electric field , the fibers are not only based on polymeric (natural and synthetic), but also to inorganic, metallic and ceramic base.

Procedure

Here, the polymer solution is dosed at an electrode and drawn off and accelerated from the electrode by the electric field. In a complex process, the polymer solution is split into small and very small fibers and webs, which are finally deposited on the counter electrode as a kind of fleece . The process typically produces fibers with a diameter of less than 1000 nm, which is why the products are referred to as nanofibers (even if the definition strictly speaking requires a fiber diameter of less than 100 nm). The result of electrospinning is hardly predictable. The desired target product is therefore achieved empirically through a lengthy optimization of the parameters. The charge density, viscosity and surface tension of the polymer solution have a decisive influence on the morphology of the fibers and their diameter. To control the alignment of the fibers, they can be collected on a rotating collector. Here the degree of alignment of the fibers depends on the speed of rotation of the cylindrical collector.

technical basics

When calculating the extruded thread, the laws of the Taylor cone are used for the geometry .

economics

The process is not very productive and is more suitable for special products. So far, applications of nanofibers have mainly been in the area of ​​filter processes for fine dusts and the like, but various other applications including medical technology are under discussion.

See also

literature

  • H. Fong, I. Chun & DH Reneker: Beaded nanofibers formed during electrospinning . Polymer, Vol. 40, 1999, 4585-4592.
  • A. Greiner & JH Wendorff: Electrospinning: a fascinating method for the preparation of ultra-thin fibers. Angew. Chem. Vol. 119, no. 30, 2007, 5770-5805.
  • JH Wendorff, S. Agarwal & A. Greiner: Electrospinning: Materials, Processing, and Applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2012, ISBN 978-3-527-32080-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Seema Agarwal, Matthias Burgard, Andreas Greiner, Joachim H. Wendorff: Electrospinning - A Practical Guide to Nanofibers. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-033180-6 , p. 17.
  2. ↑ Electrospun nanofibers for regenerative medicine . In: Adv-Healthc-Mater . tape 1 , no. 1 , 2012, p. 10-25 , PMID 23184683 .
  3. ↑ Nesrin Horzum, Mustafa M. Demir (ed.): Green Electrospinning. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2019, ISBN 978-3-11-056180-7 , p. 2.
  4. ↑ Dierk Fricke, Alexander Becker, Lennart Jütte, Michael Bode, Dominik de Cassan, Merve Wollweber, Birgit Glasmacher, Bernhard Roth: Mueller Matrix Measurement of Electrospun Fiber Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering . In: Polymers . tape 11 , no. December 12 , 2019, p. 2062 , doi : 10.3390 / polym11122062 ( mdpi.com [accessed December 16, 2019]).