Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Parent
Mesenchy development
cell differentiation
Subordinate
Neural crest formation
during gastrulation.
Heart muscle EMT.
Epicardial EMT
Gene Ontology
QuickGO

As epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to the transition of epithelial cells into cells with mesenchymal characteristics.

During embryonic development , epithelial cells can lose their epithelial properties by dissolving their cell contacts and downregulating adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin . This allows the cells to migrate and pass through the basement membrane . Back in her target area, they may be subject to different cells or back to epithelial cells differentiate .

A prerequisite for migration is the loss of polarization in the cell. Epithelial cells have an outer, apical side that faces the outside (e.g. in the case of the skin ) or the lumen (e.g. in the case of the intestine or glands ), and a basal side that is connected to the underlying tissue via a basal lamina is. The polarity of epithelial cells is characterized by structural and functional differences between the apical and basal membrane of the epithelial cells.

The metastasis of tumors also leads to a phenotype change in which the tumor cells change or lose their cell-specific properties and thus acquire the ability to migrate.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ R. Kalluri, RA Weinberg: The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In: J Clin Invest. 2009 Jun; 119 (6), pp. 1420-1428. doi: 10.1172 / JCI39104 .
  2. ^ S. Etienne-Manneville: Polarity proteins in migration and invasion. In: Oncogene. 2008 Nov 24; 27 (55), pp. 6970-6980. doi: 10.1038 / onc.2008.347 . PMID 19029938
  3. ↑ X. Gu, R. Jiang, MR Fowler: Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma in upper aerodigestive tract: histopathology, immunohistochemical profile and epithelial mesenchymal transition phenotype change. In: Head Neck Pathol. 2012 Dec; 6 (4), pp. 438-444. doi: 10.1007 / s12105-012-0391-2 .
  4. ↑ W. Yuan, Y. Yuan, T. Zhang, S. Wu: Role of bmi-1 in regulation of ionizing irradiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of breast cancer cells. In: PLoS One. 2015 Mar 3; 10 (3), p. E0118799. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0118799 . PMID 25734775