Epworth Sleepiness Scale

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The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a method for measuring daytime sleepiness using a very short questionnaire. The method is used in sleep medicine to diagnose sleep disorders .

It is an instrument of non-apparatus diagnostics for sleep research and sleep medicine.

Content of the questionnaire

A person's subjective assessment of the probability of falling (actually) to sleep in eight given typical situations is asked retrospectively. The rating is based on an ascending scale from 0 to 3. The results of the eight questions are added to a value. A score of 0–9 is considered normal. If you have problems with sleep or if you have higher values, seek medical advice. Further tests and examinations are required for an accurate diagnosis.

The questionnaire was originally created with the intention of creating comparability by using the same choice of words. Results should not be discussed with the respondent before they are completed.

application

In addition to recording daytime sleepiness at the beginning of the diagnosis, the test can also be used again to document the success of a therapy. The low effort on the part of the patient and the rapid evaluation can be seen as an advantage over other questionnaires and diagnostic equipment. The test is limited by the fact that the questioned situations must be known to the patient, so children are excluded. Longer periods of time are assessed, but not daily fluctuations.

When assessed as a classifier, the ESS has both high specificity (100%) and high sensitivity (93.5%) in relation to narcolepsy .

The questionnaire is explicitly named in the guideline on narcolepsy of the German Society for Neurology (DGN) for the necessary steps in the initial diagnosis of narcolepsy. According to the guideline "Non-restful sleep / sleep disorders" of the German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine (DGSM), it is also used in the diagnosis of other sleep disorders.

Evaluation:

ESS score Health importance
0-6 healthy only simple, harmless snoring
6-10 borderline finding
10-15 V. a. for mild to moderate sleep-related breathing disorder
greater than 16 severe sleep disorder with health risk

Alternatives

To determine the severity of daytime sleepiness, a multitude of methods are used in sleep medicine and other areas, depending on the issue. Apparatus-based diagnostics include the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and multiple wakefulness test (MWT), while non- apparatus diagnostics include the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) and many other questionnaires.

The procedures take into account partial aspects of daytime sleepiness to a varying extent.

history

The test was introduced in 1991 by Murray W. Johns (Epworth Hospital in Melbourne , Australia ). Over the years, the text has been translated into several other languages ​​(German, Finnish, French, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, Spanish, Turkish and Chinese / Mandarin) and partially validated in these versions. It is now used worldwide.

A German version was created by the DGSM, for which normative data were also published. In healthy subjects, 85% of the subjects achieved an overall value of less than 10, the ESS for the entire group was 6.6 ± 3.5 (SD).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b S3 guideline for non-restful sleep / sleep disorders of the German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine (DGSM). In: AWMF online (as of 2009).
  2. ^ A b Murray W. Johns: A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale . In: Sleep . Vol. 14, No. 6 , 1991, pp. 540-545 , PMID 1798888 (English).
  3. ↑ a b Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Official Website) , accessed January 21, 2013.
  4. ^ Murray W. Johns: Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), the maintenance of wakefulness test and the Epworth sleepiness scale: Failure of the MSLT as a gold standard . In: Journal of Sleep Research . Vol. 9, No. 1 , 2000, pp. 5–11 , doi : 10.1046 / j.1365-2869.2000.00177.x , PMID 10733683 (English).
  5. ^ S1 guideline for narcolepsy of the German Society for Neurology (DNG). In: AWMF online (as of 2008)
  6. ↑ Sleep Center Ruhr Area: Epworth Test for Daytime Sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) - Sleep Center Ruhr Area. Retrieved June 8, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Azmeh Shahid, Kate Wilkinson, Shai Marcu, Colin M. Shapiro: STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales . Springer, New York 2012, ISBN 978-1-4419-9892-7 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4419-9893-4 .
  8. ^ Murray W. Johns: Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale . In: Chest . Vol. 103, No. 1 , 1993, p. 30–36 , doi : 10.1378 / chest.103.1.30 (English).
  9. ↑ Cornelia Sauter, Roland Popp, Heidi Danker-Hopfe, Antje Büttner, Barbara Wilhelm, Ralf Binder, Wilfried Böhning, Hans-Günther Weeß: Normative values ​​of the German Epworth Sleepiness Scale . In: Somnology . Vol. 11, No. 4 , 2007, p. 272–278 , doi : 10.1007 / s11818-007-0322-8 (English).