Stanford Sleepiness Scale

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The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) is a method for recording daytime sleepiness as a snapshot using a very short questionnaire. The method is used in sleep medicine in connection with the diagnosis of sleep disorders in routine clinical practice, for example when carrying out the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and in scientific studies.

It is one of the oldest non-apparatus instruments for sleep research and sleep medicine and has been used in a large number of studies.

Content of the questionnaire

For the only item that occurs, the question about the current level of drowsiness or alertness, the patient or test person crosses the one of seven specified formulations from “active and vital” to “no more effort to stay awake” on best describes the current level of drowsiness or alertness. The numbers from 1 to 7 are assigned to the answers. An eighth grade for “asleep” can be added by the evaluator on a case-by-case basis.

application

This Likert-scale questionnaire is used to measure daytime sleepiness on a subjective, introspective level for a current condition and can be helpful in the assessment, but not for the diagnosis, of sleep disorders with the symptom of daytime sleepiness. It has been systematically evaluated. The questionnaire is available in a translation into German.

By evaluating the questionnaire, the extent of the subjectively experienced daytime sleepiness can be quantified for the current state. By repeating it at intervals, individual circadian fluctuations in sleepiness and alertness can be determined. The results can only be used to a limited extent on an individual basis. The correlations to sleep latency in the MSLT should not be overestimated because of the questionable validity of the MSLT.

The questionnaire is listed in the guideline "Non-restful sleep / sleep disorders" of the German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine (DGSM) for the usual instruments of non-apparatus diagnostics.

Alternatives

To determine the severity of daytime sleepiness, a multitude of methods are used in sleep medicine and other areas, depending on the issue. Apparatus-based diagnostics include the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and multiple wakefulness test (MWT), and non- apparatus diagnostics include the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and many other questionnaires.

history

The procedure was developed in 1972 by Eric Hoddes, William C. Dement , Vincent Zarcone and others at the Stanford University School of Medicine in Palo Alto .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hans-Günter Weeß, Tagesschläfrigkeit ( memento of the original from October 19, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pfalzklinikum.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , PDF (211 kB), Pfalzklinikum, Klingenmünster, accessed on January 21, 2013
  2. ^ Alistair W. MacLean, G. Cynthia Fekken, Paul Saskin, John B. Knowles: Psychometric evaluation of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale . In: Journal of Sleep Research . Vol. 1, No. 1 , 1992, p. 35-39 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2869.1992.tb00006.x , PMID 10607023 (English).
  3. ↑ S3 guideline for non-restful sleep / sleep disorders of the German Society for Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine (DGSM). In: AWMF online (as of 2009)
  4. ↑ Azmeh Shahid, Kate Wilkinson, Shai Marcu, Colin M. Shapiro: STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales . Springer, New York 2012, ISBN 978-1-4419-9892-7 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4419-9893-4 .
  5. ↑ Eric Hoddes, William C. Dement, Vincent Zarcone: The development and use of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale . In: Psychophysiology . Vol. 9, 1972, pp. 150 (English).
  6. ↑ Eric Hoddes, William C. Dement, Vincent Zarcone et al: Quantification of Sleepiness: A New Approach . In: Psychophysiology . Vol. 10, No. 4 , 1973, p. 431-436 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x (English).