Substitute act

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Substitute action ( redirection activity ) is originally a term from psychoanalysis and describes an action that takes the place of what was originally intended if it can not be carried out due to repression or external inhibition. The drive or need behind the desired action shifts to another action goal that is often fundamentally different from the original goal, also called substitute satisfaction . According to this understanding, substitute actions can also be consciously set in order to control an unwanted drive impulse, for example.

The phenomenon of substitute acts also met with interest in psychological research beyond psychoanalysis. The Gestalt psychologist Kurt Lewin and his students, v. a. Wera Mahler and Käte Lissner, in their Berlin studies on the psychology of will and affect, experimentally investigated how substitute actions must be designed in order to have a higher or lower substitute value. The starting point of these investigations was the Ovsiankina effect , i.e. the tendency to resume interrupted actions. It was experimentally checked which types of actions (different degrees of reality) were particularly suitable for holding back the resumption tendency, i.e. could serve as a substitute for the actual completion of the interrupted action. The American gestalt psychologist Mary Henle carried on these investigations directly in the Lewin research tradition. To this day, the topic occupies basic psychological research (motivation and action research) as well as applied research on consumer psychology.

See also

literature

  • Sigmund Freud (1909): Remarks on a case of obsessive compulsive disorder. electronic version (PDF)
  • Kurt Lewin (1932/2009): Substitute Action and Substitute Satisfaction (1932). In Gestalt Theory 31 (3-4), 341-343. electronic version (PDF; 1.2 MB)
  • Wera Mahler (1933): Substitute actions of various degrees of reality. Psychological research 18 (1/2), 27–89.
  • Käte Lissner (1933): The relaxation of needs through substitute actions. Psychological Research, 18 (1), 218-250.
  • Mary Henle (1942): An Experimental Investigation of Dynamic and Structural Determinants of Substitution. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Mary Henle (1944): The Influence of Valence on Substitution (1944). The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied . Volume 17, Issue 1, 11-19.
  • Rudolf Sommer: Consumer's Mind. The psychology of the consumer (Edition Horizont). German specialist publisher, Frankfurt / M. 2007, ISBN 978-3-86641-059-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ; see B. Lindorfer and G. Stemberger (2012), Unfinished Business - The experiments of the Lewin group on the structure and dynamics of personality and psychological environment in Phenomenal 1–2 / 2012, pp. 63–70. electronic version (PDF; 1.1 MB)
  2. ↑ See Henle 1942 and 1944 in the literature.
  3. ↑ Collective report on recent research: Peter M. Gollwitzer and Christine Liu: resumption . In: Enzyklopädie der Psychologie , Teilband Motivation, Volition und Handlung, Göttingen: Hogrefe 1995, 209–240. Electronic version ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.2 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kops.ub.uni-konstanz.de
  4. ↑ cf. on this in summer 2007, "Consumer's Mind", see literature.