First fruit

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Melchizedek , Abraham and Abel . Mosaic in the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe

In Judaism, the concept of the first fruit denotes the first fruits of the year. According to the Tanach, barley, grapes and oil in particular should be offered as thanksgiving offerings to God ( Hebrew תְּרוּמָה t e rumah ) are offered.

The “principle of the first fruits” is set out in several books of the Old Testament . Even in Gen 4.3 to 5  EU brings Abel God a sacrifice of the firstborn of his flock and their fat.

While Terumah Gedolah was generally a harvest sacrifice , the Bikkurim according to Mishnah Bikkurim 3:12 was a holy sacrifice on the temple altar.

There were traditionally three harvest festivals in the Jewish festival calendar:

  • the festival of the first fruit ( Chag HaBikurim ) for the barley harvest, celebrated after the first day of the Passover festival;
  • the festival of weeks ( Shavuot ) for the wheat harvest, celebrated on the 50th day after the Passover festival
  • and the Festival of Tabernacles ( Sukkot ) for the grape harvest in autumn.

On the occasion of these festivals, the sacrifices were brought to the temple at Mishnah Bikkurim 1: 6.

In Ezekiel ( Ez 44,30  EU ) it says:

“The best of all firstfruits, all your dues that you must pay belong to the priests; You should also give the best of what you bake to the priest, so that you can bring blessings to your houses. "

For Israel's entry into the Promised Land , Lev 23.10–11  EU describes the handling of the first fruits:

“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you come to the land that I am giving you, and when you bring in the harvest there, you shall bring the first sheaf of your harvest to the priest. He should swing them to and fro before the Lord and offer them so that you may find acceptance. The day after the Sabbath the priest is to perform the rite. "

The Christianity sees the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ , the more significant first fruits and fruit. From the perspective of the Jewish Christians, the fact that Christ was raised from the dead during the feast of the first fruits , three days after the Jewish sacrifice of the Passover lamb, contributed to this choice of words . The author of the Letter to the Hebrews described the heavenly Jerusalem as "the community of the firstborn, who are recorded in heaven" Heb 12,23  EU . Paul of Tarsus wrote in the 1st letter to the Corinthians 1 Cor 15: 20-23  EU :

“But now Christ has been raised from the dead as the first ( ancient Greek ἀπαρχὴ aparchè , literally: as a firstfruits gift) of those who fell asleep. For since death came through man, through man also the resurrection of the dead comes; for as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive. But there is a certain order: first is Christ; then follow when Christ comes, all who belong to him. "

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chag HaBikurim - Festival of the First Fruits. In: www.wegedeslebens.info. 2009, accessed July 22, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Bauer / Aland: Greek-German dictionary on the writings of the New Testament and early Christian literature. 6th edition, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1988, column 162: the original meaning of aparchè has faded so that the word is almost synonymous with ancient Greek πρῶτος prõtos , "first".