Feast of the first fruit

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The festival of the first fruits (Hebrew רֵאשִׁית קצִיר , Reschit Katzir , or Chag HaBikurim ) was a Jewish festival for the barley harvest in ancient Israel , which took place as part of the Passover festival (in March / April) and which counted the days up to the week of the week Wheat harvest initiated. In the Christian faith, the resurrection of Jesus Christ took place on the Jewish feast of the first fruits, i.e. on Easter Sunday , and the Jewish feast of weeks on the 50th day corresponds to Christian Pentecost.

context

There were three harvest festivals in the historical Jewish annual calendar :

  • the festival of the first fruits ( Chag HaBikurim or Reschit Katzir ) for the barley harvest, celebrated after the first day of Passover;
  • the festival of weeks ( Shavuot ) for the wheat harvest, celebrated on the 50th day after the Passover - the Christian counterpart is the Whitsun festival ;
  • and the Festival of Tabernacles ( Sukkot ) for the grape harvest in autumn.

On the occasion of these festivals, the offerings were brought to the temple according to the instructions of the Talmud (Bikkurim 1: 6).

meeting

Based on information in the Old Testament, the date of the festival shortly after the first day of the Passover festival in the month of Nisan (in March / April) is a "Sabbath", whereby there have been two different interpretations as to whether the first Passover day (15th Nisan) itself counts as a "Sabbath" and the festival is accordingly held on the following day (the 16th Nisan), or only on the day after the Sabbath after Passover (see 3 Mos 23,9-12  LUT ).

The exact date of the festival was determined differently by the Pharisees and Sadducees . In modern Judaism, according to the tradition of the Pharisees, the term "Sabbath" is related to the first day (15th Nisan) of the Passover festival, regardless of whether it falls on a more regular Sabbath or on another day of the week, so that the festival of the first fruits is always on The second day (16 Nisan) of the festival of Passover falls (and initiates the counting of the Omer , which ends on the feast of Weeks, i.e. on the 6th Sivan ). The Sadducees related the term “Sabbath” to the first Saturday in Passover week, so that they celebrated the festival of the first fruits (and thus the festival of the week seven weeks later) on different dates from year to year, but always on Sundays.

Relation to the resurrection of Christ

In the New Testament, according to the Johannine Passion chronology, the resurrection of Christ falls on the feast of the first fruits. Also Paul of tarsus referred Jesus in 1 Cor 15,20  LUT as "first fruits (aparche) which are asleep". Fifty days later, during Shavuot (Christian Pentecost), the apostles were gathered in Jerusalem and the Holy Spirit came down on them ( Acts 2 : 1-4,  NIV ).

See also

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the Luther Bible 4 Mos 18,12  LUT and 4 Mos 28,26  LUT the festival is also called "day of the first fruits".
  2. ↑ a b Chag HaBikurim - Festival of the first fruits. In: www.wegedeslebens.info. 2009, accessed July 22, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b c The Wave Sheaf Offering - Reschit Katzir. In: www.Hebrew4Christians.com. 2016, accessed on July 23, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Peter Stuhlmacher : Biblical Theology of the New Testament 1: Foundation. From Jesus to Paulus , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 3rd edition Gottingen 2005 , ISBN 3-525-53146-X , p. 53ff
  5. ^ Jacob Thiessen : The Resurrection of Jesus in the Controversy , Lit Verlag, Berlin 2009 , ISBN 978-3-643-80029-9 , p. 111
  6. ↑ Jacob Thiessen: First gift and resurrection day of Jesus , theological supplement to the STH perspective November 2011 ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sthbasel.ch