Ethniki Rizospastiki Enosis
The Ethniki Rizospastiki Enosis ( Greek Εθνική Ριζοσπαστική Ένωσις , ERE , National Radical Union ) was an active party in Greece from 1955 to 1967 .
Founding history
The ERE was founded in January 1955 by Konstantinos Karamanlis , who became Prime Minister after the death of Marshal Papagos , leader of the Hellenic Collection party ( Ελληνικός Συναγερμός Ellinikos Synagermos ); Karamanlis had previously joined the Hellenic Collection from the Laikon Komma ( Λαϊκὸν Κόμμα ) People's Party .
The ERE was a conservative party on the right. Corresponding to the political antagonisms that had divided the Greek nation for generations, it was orientated towards royalist, anti- venicelist and anti-communist. After its establishment, most of the leaders of the Hellenic Collection joined the ERE, but so did many politicians from other parties. It also included conservative middle-class politicians such as Panagiotis Kanellopoulos , Konstantinos Tsatsos (President from 1975 to 1980) and Evangelos Averoff (Minister for Foreign Affairs in several Karamanlis governments from 1955 to 1963 and later Chairman of the ND from 1981 to 1984).
Konstantinos Karamanlis era
In the elections of February 29, 1956, the ERE, as the rallying party of the right, won an absolute majority in parliament. It was also successful in the subsequent elections in 1958 and 1961, and Karamanlis remained in power until his resignation after the party's defeat in 1963.
The ERE had also won the highly competitive elections of 1961. But the opposition Center Union (EK) and the Union of the Democratic Left (EDA) accused the Karamanlis government of massive fraud and did not recognize the election result, organized demonstrations and called for new elections. Karamanlis resigned as prime minister and party chairman in 1963 after differences with the royal family and went into exile (he traveled under false names against the opposition of King Paul ).
1963 to 1967
After Karamanlis' withdrawal, Panagiotis Kanellopoulos became party chairman, who was defeated by the EC of Georgios Papandreou in the 1963 and 1964 elections .
Kanellopoulos remained party leader until 1967, when he formed a government that was overthrown after just a month by a coup by the Greek military junta . After the coup, the ERE was banned like all political parties. It was not renewed even after the end of the junta rule, as Karamanlis founded a new party, the Nea Dimokratia , in 1974 .
Election results
| Political party | Voting share | be right | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERE | 48.15% | 124 | |
| Liberal Democratic Union | 47.38% | 142 | |
| Progressive Party | 20.67% | 62 | |
| Other | 4.47% | 13 |
| Political party | Voting share | be right | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERE | 41.46% | 1,595,292 | 124 |
| EDA | 24.42% | 939,629 | 73 |
| Liberal Party | 20.67% | 795.337 | 62 |
| Other | 13.56% | 521.760 | 41 |
| Political party | Voting share | be right | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERE | 50.80% | 2,347,307 | 152 |
| EK | 33.65% | 1,554,860 | 138 |
| Pandemocratic Agrarian Front of Greece | 14.62% | 675,544 | 44 |
| Independent | 0.89% | 41,124 | 3 |
| Political party | Voting share | be right | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERE | 39.37% | 1,837,377 | 132 |
| EK | 42.04% | 1,962,079 | 138 |
| EDA | 14.34% | 669.267 | 28 |
| Progressive Party | 3.73% | 173.981 | 2 |
| Political party | Voting share | be right | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERE *) | 35.26% | 1,621,546 | 107 |
| EK | 52.72% | 2,424,477 | 171 |
| EDA | 11.8% | 542.865 | 22nd |
*) In the 1964 parliamentary elections, the ERE formed an electoral community with the progressive party led by Spyros Markezinis ( Κόμμα Προοδευτικών Komma Proodevtikon , KP, right-wing).
literature
- Werner Voigt: Results of the elections and referendums. In: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Hrsg.): Südosteuropa-Handbuch. Volume III. Greece. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1980, pp. 667-674.
- Gunnar Hering : Political System. In: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Hrsg.): Südosteuropa-Handbuch. Volume III. Greece. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1980, pp. 68-74.