European research area
The European Research Area ( ERA ;. Engl E uropean R esearch A rea ERA) is an initiative of the European Union (EU) for the scientific and technological capacity within EU integration. For an EU-wide common research policy, six priorities have been set for the ERA:
- Increased effectiveness of national research systems
- Increased transnational cooperation and competitiveness
- Open job market for researchers
- Gender equality and consideration of the gender aspect in research
- Optimal circulation, access to and transfer of scientific knowledge
Since 1984 the European Commission has implemented multi- annual framework programs (currently Horizon 2020 ) for research and technological development in order to promote multi-national cooperation in key areas of medical, ecological , industrial or socio-economic research. In addition to monetary support within the framework programs, the European Research Area aims to improve the political environment for competitive research and innovation through uniform framework conditions.
The initiatives to implement the ERA include joint programming initiatives (JPI) of the member states. Cross-national joint research agendas ( Strategic Research Agendas - SRA) are intended to increase the impact and effectiveness of existing national research funding programs or new programs.
Research quotas
The research quota is an economic indicator that indicates the research and development costs as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP; 2015).
Averages:
euro area (19): 2.12
EU (28): 2.03
| rank |
country |
R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP (2015) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Sweden | 3.26 |
| 2. | Austria | 3.07 |
| 3. | Denmark | 3.03 |
| 4th | Finland | 2.90 |
| 5. | Germany | 2.87 |
| 6th | Belgium | 2.45 |
| 7th | France | 2.23 |
| 8th. | Slovenia | 2.21 |
| 9. | Netherlands | 2.01 |
| 10. | Czech Republic | 1.95 |
| 11. | Great Britain | 1.70 |
| 12. | Ireland | 1.51 |
| 13. | Estonia | 1.50 |
| 14th | Hungary | 1.38 |
| 15th | Italy | 1.33 |
| 16. | Luxembourg | 1.31 |
| 17th | Portugal | 1.28 |
| 18th | Spain | 1.22 |
| 19th | Slovakia | 1.18 |
| 20th | Lithuania | 1.04 |
| 21st | Poland | 1.00 |
| 22nd | Greece | 0.96 |
| 23. | Bulgaria | 0.96 |
| 24. | Croatia | 0.85 |
| 25th | Malta | 0.77 |
| 26th | Latvia | 0.63 |
| 27. | Romania | 0.49 |
| 28. | Cyprus | 0.46 |
See also
- Lisbon strategy
- European higher education area
- Horizon 2020
- European Research Council (ERC)
- European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI)
Web links
- ERA homepage
- Strategy of the Federal Government for the European Research Area
- Examples of joint programming
Individual evidence
- ^ The priorities of the ERA - EU Office of the BMBF. In: www.eubuero.de. Retrieved January 17, 2017 .
- ↑ Research expenditure - expenditure on research and experimental development as a% of GDP. (PDF) Eurostat / WKO , February 2019, accessed on March 27, 2019 .