50 sounds board
The 50-sound table ( Japanese 五十 音 図 Gojū onzu ) is a systematic compilation of the basic sounds of the Japanese syllable scripts (more precisely: Morales ) Hiragana and Katakana , which actually only consisted of 46 characters (in the years 1900 to 1945 of 48 characters , before 1900 consists of 47 characters). The system was developed around the year 1000 .
The lines are designated with gyō ( 行 ). Ka-gyō stands for the series ka , ki , ku , ke , ko .
The columns are denoted by dan ( 段 ). U-dan stands for the series u , ku , su , tsu , nu , fu , mu , yu , ru .
Outside the rows and columns of the actual 50-sound table is the syllable final n , which has been written with its own character since 1900; previously the sign for mu was written for this sound . In 1945 the signs for wi and we , which had been pronounced like the signs for i and e for a long time , were removed and replaced by the latter. The symbol for where , although it was also pronounced as o in the meantime , was retained in its frequent grammatical function as a particle of the direct object , as this was felt to be easier to read; otherwise it was replaced by o .
The 46 basic signs form the so-called even sounds ( 直 音 choku-on ; e.g. は ha , ひ hi , ほ ho ). With the diacritical mark dakuten ( 濁 点 ) or nigori, two small lines, 20 more syllables, the so-called clouded sounds ( 濁音 daku-on ; e.g. ば ba , び bi , ぼ bo ) are written. With the diacritical mark handaku-ten ( 半 濁 点 ), a small circle, five half- clouded sounds ( 半 濁音handaku-on ; e.g. ぱ pa , ぴ pi , ぽ po ) are added.
By combining the choku-on with characters from the y-series, the 21 broken sounds ( 拗 音 yō-on ) are created, which in turn can be clouded, whereby another 15 sounds are added.
The characters that have not been used since 1945 are placed in round brackets in the following table. The bracketed (w) indicate that earlier a sound similar to the English w was spoken there, but no longer in today's Japanese.
| Transcription ( Hepburn ) | Hiragana | Katakana | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | a | i | u | e | O | あ | い | う | え | お | ア | イ | ウ | エ | オ | |||
| K | ka | ki | ku | ke | ko | か | き | く | け | こ | カ | キ | ク | ケ | コ | |||
| S. | sa | shi | see below | se | so | さ | し | す | せ | そ | サ | シ | ス | セ | ソ | |||
| T | ta | chi | tsu | te | to | た | ち | つ | て | と | タ | チ | ツ | テ | ト | |||
| N | n / A | ni | nu | no | no | な | に | ぬ | ね | の | ナ | ニ | ヌ | ネ | ノ | |||
| H | Ha | Hi | fu | hey | ho | は | ひ | ふ | へ | ほ | ハ | ヒ | フ | ヘ | ホ | |||
| M. | ma | mi | must | me | mo | ま | み | む | め | も | マ | ミ | ム | メ | モ | |||
| Y | ya | yu | yo | や | ゆ | よ | ヤ | ユ | ヨ | |||||||||
| R. | ra | ri | ru | re | ro | ら | り | る | れ | ろ | ラ | リ | ル | レ | ロ | |||
| W. | wa | (w) i | (w) e | (Where | わ | ( ゐ ) | ( ゑ ) | を | ワ | ( ヰ ) | ( ヱ ) | ヲ | ||||||
| n | ん | ン | ||||||||||||||||
Donkey bridges
There are several donkey bridges to memorize the order in the Gojuon:
in English:
-
A h, K ana S ymbols: T ake N ote H ow M any Y ou R ead W ell.
- and
-
K ana S igns, T hink N ow H ow M uch Y ou R eally W ant (to learn them).
- such as
- A K ind S amurai T old N aomi H ow M y Y ak R an W ild.
in German:
- A lle K inthe S taunen: T homas' N eue H undert- M eter- Y eight R ostet W ieder!
Mixed languages (meaningless, but short. Note only the consonants!):
- K a st e nh ei m , y ou ' r e w on.